1、转炉物料平衡和热平衡120t氧气顶吹转炉设计说明书 冶金39班 杨斌一、原始数据 (1)铁水成分及温度成分(%)W(C)W(Si)W(Mn)W(P)W(S)含量4.2300.6500.5300.1400.035温度:1280(2)原材料成分石灰矿石萤石白云石炉衬CaO91.081.0030.841.2SiO21.665.166.000.463.0MgO1.540.520.5820.1678.80Al2O31.221.100.780.741.4S0.060.070.09P0.55CaF290.00FeO29.40Fe2O361.81.60NaOH4.4447.80H2O0.52.0C14.001
2、00100100100100 (3)平均比热容项目固态平均比热KJ/kg-1-1熔化潜热KJ/kg液气平均比热KJ/kg-1-1生铁0.7452180.837钢0.6992720.837炉渣2091.247烟尘0.996209炉气1.137矿石1.046209反应元素氧化放热KJ/molKJ/kg元素C +1/2 O2= CO131365.010949.1CC + O2= CO2414481.734521.0CSi+ O2= SiO2395023.628314.0S2P+5/2 O2= P2O51172078.618922.6PMn+1/2 O2= MnO384959.07020.3MnFe+
3、1/2 O2= FeO266635.05021.2Fe2Fe+2/3 O2= Fe2O3822156.07340.7Fe2CaO+SiO2=2CaOSiO2124600.42071.1SiO24CaO+P2O5=4CaOP2O5690414.95020.8P2O5(4)反应热效应(5)冷却剂元素CSiMnPS%0.30.20.50.040.04(6)终点钢水和终渣成分成分(%)W(C)W(Si)W(Mn)W(P)W(S)含量4.2300.6500.5300.1400.035终渣CaO/ SiO2=3.02,FeO:10.99% Fe2O3:2.0%(7)冶炼钢种及成分成分CSiMnPS含量0.
4、1650.0300.35-0.80.0300.033 (8)根据国内同类转炉实测数据选取渣中的钢珠为渣量的8%金属中碳元素的氧化,90%氧化成CO,10%氧化成CO2。喷溅铁损为铁水量的1%炉气和烟气量,取炉气平均温度1450,炉气中自由氧含量0.5%,烟尘量为铁水的1.6%,其中W(FeO)=77%,W(Fe2O3)=20%.炉衬侵蚀量为铁水量的0.5%氧气成分W(O2)=98.5%,W(N2)=1.5%二、物料平衡计算 钢铁料总重:126+14=140t,铁水占90%,废钢10%。为简化计算,以100kg钢铁料来算。 W石灰=B1000kg/t0.1t =3.0210000.1=4.88k
5、g W白=1/4 W石灰=1/44.88=1.22kg(1) 铁水中各元素的氧化量元素反应产物元素氧化量(kg)耗氧量(kg)产物量(kg)备注CC +1/2 O2= CO3.684.9078.587COC + O2= CO20.4091.0911.500CO2SiSi+ O2= SiO20.6500.7431.393入渣MnMn+1/2 O2= MnO0.3600.1050.465入渣P2P+5/2 O2= P2O50.1250.1610.286入渣SS+ O2= SO20.0030.0030.006SO2S+ CaO =CaS+O0.007-0.0030.007入渣FeFe+1/2 O2=
6、 FeO0.5880.1680.756入渣2Fe+3/2O2=Fe2O30.1280.0550.183入渣合计5.957.233成渣量3.091(2)废钢中元素的氧化量元素反应产物元素氧化量(kg)耗氧量(kg)产物量(kg)备注CC +1/2 O2= CO0.1390.1860.326COC + O2= CO20.0160.0410.057CO2SiSi+ O2= SiO20.2000.2990.499入渣MnMn+1/2 O2= MnO0.3300.1880.518入渣P2P+5/2 O2= P2O50.0250.3230.348入渣SS+ O2= SO20.0050.0050.010SO
7、2S+ CaO =CaS+O0.010-0.0050.023入渣合计0.7200.9721.451(渣)(3)炉衬蚀损成渣量炉衬蚀损量kg成渣组分气态产物耗氧量CaOSiO2MgOAl2O3Fe2O3COCO2CO、CO20.50.0060.0150.3940.0070.0080.1470.0260.103合计0.4300.173(4)熔剂成渣量类别石灰生白云石萤石矿石合计成渣量加入量(kg)4.881.220.517.6成渣组成CaO4.4450.3760.0014.8226.432MgO0.0750.2460.0030.0050.329SiO20.0810.0060.0300.0060.1
8、23Al2O30.0600.0090.0040.0010.047Fe2O30.6180.618P2O50.0060.0020.008CaS0.0070.0010.008CaF20.4500.450气态产物H2O0.2620.0100.272CO2O20.0010.001(5)总渣量及其成分炉渣成分铁水成渣废钢成渣炉衬成渣石灰生白云石萤石矿石总渣量%CaO0.0064.4450.3760.0014.82850.54SiO21.2540.0500.0150.0810.0060.0300.0061.44215.10MgO0.3940.0750.2460.0030.0050.7237.53Al2O30
9、.0070.0600.0090.0040.0010.0810.85MnO0.4190.0520.4714.93FeO0.7560.2941.05010.99Fe2O30.1830.0080.1912.00CaF20.4500.4504.71P2O50.2570.0350.0060.0020.3003.14CaS0.0060.0020.0070.0010.0160.17合计9.552100(6)耗氧量及烟气量自由氧含量以及氮气量的计算:设烟气中自由氧含量的体积为xm3,氮气的体积为ym3.,可列如下方程: 解得烟尘中的铁损耗=1001.6%(77%+20%)=0.370kg 铁矿石供氧量=1(2
10、9.4%+6.18%)=0.250kg耗氧量(kg)供氧量(kg)铁水重元素氧化耗氧量6.501铁水中S于CaO反应放氧0.003废钢中元素氧化耗氧量0.097废钢中S于CaO反应放氧0.005炉衬中C氧化耗氧量0.103石灰中S于CaO反应放氧0.001烟尘中铁氧化耗氧量0.370铁矿石供氧0.250炉气中自由氧含量0.053合计7.133合计0.259实际氧气消耗量6.874炉气成分炉气量(kg)体积(m3)体积%CO7.9086.32684.58CO21.3820.7049.41SO20.0060.0020.03H2O0.2720.3884.52O20.0530.0370.50N20.0
11、900.0720.96合计9.7117.479100(7)钢水量 吹损组成:化学损失,烟尘损失,渣中铁珠损失,机械损失钢水量=钢铁料铁水氧化废钢氧化烟尘喷溅渣中铁珠 =1005.3550.0721.6(77%+20%)19.5528% =91.627kg(8)物料平衡总表收入支出项目质量(kg)%项目质量(kg)%钢铁料10086.69钢水91.62780.20石灰4.884.23炉渣9.5528.36萤石0.50.43炉气9.7118.50生白云石1.221.06喷溅10.88炉衬0.54.33烟尘1.61.40矿石10.87渣中铁珠0.7640.67氧气7.2426.27合计115.342
12、100合计114.254100三、热平衡计算 (1)热量收入 T铁=1538(4.23100+0.658+0.535+0.1430+0.03525)7 =1095 QW=900.745(109525)+218+0.837(12801095)=105299.55kg铁水中元素氧化放热反应产物氧化热或成渣热KJC +1/2 O2= CO3.326 10949.1=36416.71C + O2= CO20.370 34521.0=12772.77Si+ O2= SiO20.605 28314.0=17129.97Mn+1/2 O2= MnO0.357 7020.3=2506.25Fe+1/2 O2=
13、 FeO0.588 5021.2=2952.472Fe+2/3 O2= Fe2O30.218 7340.7=939.612P+5/2 O2= P2O50.118 18922.6=2232.874CaO+ P2O5=4CaOP2O50.3 5020.8=1506.242CaO+SiO2=2CaOSiO21.442 2071.1=2986.53合计19443.42Q烟=1.6(0.77 5021.2+0.20 7340.7)=6455.74KJQ炉C=0.514%(0.9010949.1+0.1034521.0)=705.66 KJ(2)热量支出T钢=1538(0.145 65+0.170 5+0
14、.015 30+0.025 25)7=1520出钢温度= T钢+t1+t2+t3=1520+70+60+30=1680 t1钢水过热度t2出钢、吹氩、运输、镇静等散热损失t3炉外精炼热损失Q钢=1000.699(152025)+272+0.837 (16801520)=145092KJQ渣=9.5521.247(168025)+209=21709.64KJ某些物料的物理热项目带走的物理热KJ炉气物理热9.711 1.137 (145025)=15734.00烟气物理热1.6 0.996 (145025)+209=2605.28渣中铁珠物理热0.7640.699(152025)+272+0.87
15、3(16801520)=1108.50喷溅金属物理热1 0.699 (152025)+272+0.873 (16801520)=1450.925合计20898.705热 平 衡 总 表收入支出项目热量(KJ)%项目热量(KJ)%铁水物理热105299.5554.87钢水中物理热145092.0075.61元素氧化热和成渣热C49189.4825.63炉渣物理热21709.6411.31Si 17129.978.93炉气物理热15734.008.20Mn2506.251.31烟尘物理热2605.281.36P2232.871.16渣中铁珠物理热1108.500.58Fe3892.082.03SiO22986.531.56喷溅金属物理热1450.930.76P2O51506.240.78合计79443.4241.47热损失4204.372.19烟尘氧化热6455.743.52炉衬C氧化705.660.37合计191904.37100合计191904.37100
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