英语五大基本句型详解及相关练习配答案.docx

1、英语五大基本句型详解及相关练习配答案2014届高三英语五种简单句 （一）从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式 一般地说，某些动词在某一句式中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类 ：一、 S（主）+ Vi （不及物动词）（谓） Time （s） + flies （Vi）两天过去了。Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。2） S + Vi + Prep phase （介词短语作状语）He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟至V。 那群孩

2、子步行去上学。3） S + Vi +Infinitive （不定式作状语）We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。4） S + Vi +Participle （现在分词作状语）I will go swimmina.2014届高三英语五种简单句 （二）S （主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓）+ Object （宾）We like English.S + Vt + N/ Pron （名词或代词作宾语）I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。2） S + Vt + Infinitive （不定式作

3、宾语）I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。 他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。常用于这个句型的动词有： attempt ,dare decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend,promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree 等。3） S + Vt +疑问词+ Infinitive （疑问词加不定式作宾语）I don t know whao do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗

4、？ 我想知道什么时候岀发。常用于这个句型的动词有： ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。4） S + Vt + Gerund（动名词作宾语）I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。常用于这个句型的动词有： admit, advise, avoid, consider

5、, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can t help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote（toQ contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。2014届高三英语五种简单

6、句 （三）S （主）+ Lv （系动词）+ P （表） 【谓语】We are Chinese.除了 be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：1） 表感官的动词： feel, smell, taste, sound, look,等2） 表变化的动词： become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come 等3） 表延续的动词： remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie 等4） 表表象的动词： seem, appear, look等5） 表终止的动词：prove, turn out等1） S+Lv+N/Pron（名词、

7、代词作表语）He is a boy. / This is mine. 他们是美国人。 我是一个英语教师。 桌子上的那本书是我的。2） S+Lv+ Adj（形容词作表语）：She is beautiful. 众所周知，牛肉在英国很受欢迎。 阅读很有用。 冰箱里的食物变质了。 昨天他们迟到了。3） S+Lv+Adv （副词作表语）：Class is ove。 他的父母岀去了。 关于鲁迅的那部电影放了半个小时了4） S+Lv+Prep+Phrase （介词短语作表语）：He is in good health.5） S+Lv+participle （分词作表语）He is excited. The

8、film is interesting. 昨天我听到的那个故事令人害怕。 那场篮球赛令人兴奋。 那个老板对我的工作很满意。2014届高三 英语五种简单句 （四）S （主）+ Vt （谓）+ Indirect Object （间宾）+Direct Object （直宾）【双宾】eg. I give you help.1） S + Vt +N/Porn （间宾）+ N （直宾）I sent him a book / I bought Mary a book1我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台 PC。 2陈老师教我们语文。3给我看看你的执照。 2） S + Vt +N （直宾）+ to/ for +N /Po

9、rn （间宾）I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me.间接宾语前需要力口 t 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do （带来）,give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。1警察提供一日三餐给犯人。 2他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。 3音乐给我们带来快乐。 间接宾语前需要力

10、口 for 的常用动词有： buy, cash, choose fetch，get，leave，make， order，paint，play （演奏）， save, sing, spare等。1你能抽出一些时间给小朋友吗？ 2我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。 3我会为你给房间上油漆。2014届高三英语五种简单句 （五）S （主）+ Vt （谓）+ Object （宾）+ OC （宾补）【复合宾语】1） S + Vt +N/Porn （宾）+ N （名词作宾补） We named our babv Tom.我们选他为总统。 我们选她做班长。 （Note：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不

11、用冠词 ）常用于这个句型的动词有： appoint, call, choose elect, entitle, find , make, name, nominate （命名） .2） S + Vt +N/Porn （宾）+ adj.（形容词作宾补） He painted the wall white.他的话令我发狂。 我们认为这项工作很容易。 常用于这个句型的动词有： boil, think, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see set, turn ,want , wash , wipe , wish3） S

12、 + Vt +N/Porn （宾）+ prep phrase （介词短语作宾补）She always keeps everything in good order.请不要客气（就像在家一样）。4） S + Vt +N/Porn （宾）+infinitive （不定式作宾补）The teacher asked him to leave. / I made him work.常用于这句型的动词有： a） 不定式带 to 的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get,

13、 hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。 b） 不定式不带 to 的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch.李华昨晚见到他们离开了。 5） S + Vt +N/Porn + （宾）+ participle （分词做宾补）I heard my name calle

14、d. / I feel something movina.他成功地使自己被别人明白了。 刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。 常用于这句型的动词有： catch，feel，find， get， have， hear，imagine， keep, leave， listen to，look at， notice，observe, perceive, see set, smell， start， watch5） S + Vt +N/Porn + wh-word + infinitiveHe show me how to do it.Answer:（一）Two days passed/ went bv/ h

15、ave aone.Winter is coming soon./ Winter will come.The injured cat died.A traffic accident happened.1）He left happily.The girl came in quietly.The war ended peacefully.The rain stopped gradually.He will arrive at 3 oclock.The group of children went to school on foot.3)He gets up very early to read En

16、glish.He hopes to be a doctor.4)We will go fishing tomorrow.I will go boating tomorrow.He went shopping yesterday.1)He taught moths last year.We have received their letters./ We have heard from them.2)His father expected to own/ have a factory.He pretended to be reading.I try/ attempted to solve the

17、 problem/ question.3)I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.Have you decided what to buy?/ Do you decide what to buy?I wonder/ want to know when to set off/ ao/ leave.4)He practices speaking English every day.Aunt Li can t help laughing.(3) 1)They are Americans.I am an English teacher./ I am a teacher

18、 of English.That book on the desk is mine.As everyone knows, beef is very popular/ welcome in Britain/ England.Reading is useful. / Reading is of great use.The food in the fridge/ refrigerator/ ice box has gone bad.They were late for school yesterday.3)His parents are out.The movie about Lu Xun has

19、been on half an hour.4)Were you at home last night?That girl is still in the office.He is in bad condition./ He is in hospital.5)That story which I heard yesterday was frightening/ horrifying.That basketball match/ game is exciting.That boss is satisfied with my job/ work.(四)1)My father brought my s

20、ister a PC/ personal computer.Mr. Chen teaches us Chinese.Show me your license.2)The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners.He never lends his car to others.Music brings happiness to us.3)Can you spare/ save some minutes/ time for the children?I will choose/ buy a nice present for you.I will pa

21、int the room for you.(五)1)We elected him our president.We chose her our monitor.His words drive me crazy.We thought this job easy.3)Please make yourself at home.4)Our teachers encourage us to take exercise every day.Li Hua saw them leave last night.5)He managed to make himself understood.I just saw the children playing near the river.