高考英语语法核心考点专项复习09名词性从句.docx

1、高考英语语法核心考点专项复习09名词性从句高考英语语法核心考点专项复习09：名词性从句从句是学生们很头疼的一个难题，也是高考的必考点。其中包括名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句，名词性从句考察比较多。名词性从句内容多、考点多。本专题主要讲解主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句，并配以习题练习。 概述：名词性从句的功能相当于名词。根据其在句中充当的成分，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。目的：掌握从句的连接词和用法，能够识别出从句，学会分析从句的结构。例句：What he wants to tell us is not clear.The question is whether

2、 we can get in touch with her.It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.She always thinks of how she can work well.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.I have no idea when he will come back home.一、主语从句 在复合句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether（是否），if（是否

3、）（通常只能用于it作形式主语的主语从句），连结代词：who（谁）（主格）, whom（谁）（宾格）, whose（谁的）（所有格）, what（什么，所的（东西或事情）, which（那个，那些），whoever（无论谁）（主格）, whomever（无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：when（何时）, where（何地）, how（怎样，如何）, why（为什么）等。如：That the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde is known to us al

4、l.=It is known to us all that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.=What is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.=As is known to us all, the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.众所周知，22年冬季奥运会将在承德举行。That you dont like him is none

5、of my business.你不喜欢他与我有什么关系呢。What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上的发言是到会的人都感到惊讶。What are to be decided at the meeting will be announced tomorrow.在会议上即将做出的决定明天就会公布。What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.= that China is a developing country is known to us

6、 all.It is known to us all that China is a developing country.=As is known to us all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。注：由于主语从句一般都较长，所以常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。如：It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.=Her hair was turning gray, which worried her a bit.=Her hair was turning gra

7、y, and it worried her a bit.=Her hair was turning gray. It worried her a bit.头发日渐灰白使他有些担忧。It is a fact that Chineseis being accepted as an international language.汉语正逐渐被人们承认为一门国际语言是一个事实。It happened that she married a man whose father had killed her father.碰巧她嫁给了一个他的父亲杀害她的父亲的男人。二、宾语从句 在句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾

8、语从句可以作谓语动词、介词、非谓语动词和一些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether（是否），if（是否）（通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or not连用）,连结代词：who（谁）（主格）, whom（谁）（宾格）, whose（谁的）（所有格）, what（什么，所的（东西或事情）, which（那个，那些），whoever（无论谁）（主格）, whomever（无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：when（何时）, where（何地）, how（怎样，如何）, why（

9、为什么）等。如：I remember when this used to be a quiet village.我还记得这村庄以前那宁静的时光No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.没有人确知人类在一百万年后会是什么样子。I really dont know how he solved the problem.我真地不知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。注：a.用that引导的宾语从句，that通常可以省略，如果有两个及以上的that引导的宾语从句，最后一个that不能省略。如：He denied (that) he

10、had entered the room and that he had stolen the money.他否认了他曾进入房间偷钱。b.注意宾语从句中“否定前移”的现象。如果主句中有表示“认为”之意的动词：think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine等，则宾语从句中的否定应在主句中表达出来。 如：I dont suppose she is likely to come.我认为她不可能来。I dont think he can pass the exam.我认为他不可能通过考试。c.在疑问句中，表示“认为”之意的动词：think, suppose, beli

11、eve, expect,imagine等后接带疑问词类的连接词的宾语从句时，该疑问词类的连接词应该置于句首。如：Who do you suppose will go to Beijing?你认为谁会去北京？Where do you think we will have the meeting?你认为我们在那儿开会？- We havent heard from her for a long time.- What do you think has happened to her?我们很久没有收到她的来信了。你认为她出了什么事吗？d.如果宾语从句从句后带有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从

12、句置于宾语补足语之后。如：We all consider it a pity that he was not able to join us in going camping.我们都认为他不能跟我们一起去野营是一件遗憾的事。I think it very necessary that primary school pupils should learn English.我认为小学生学英语是非常必要的。e.注意介宾从句的使用。如：The dictionary is good except that the price is too high.这本词典不错，只是价格太高了。Nobody showe

13、d any interest in what he was saying.没有人对他所说的感兴趣。f.注意宾语从句的省略形式。在上下文已经表达了宾语从句的内容的情况下，宾语从句通常只保留连接词，而省略句子的其余内容。如：Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember which.布莱克博士不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥，我记不起从哪里来的了。三、表语从句在复合句中做主句表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether（是否），连结代词：who（谁）（主格）, who

14、m（谁）（宾格）, whose（谁的）（所有格）, what（什么，所的（东西或事情）, which（那个，那些），whoever（无论谁）（主格）, whomever（无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：when（何时）, where（何地）, how（怎样，如何）, why（为什么）, as if/though（好像）, because（因为，由于）等。The problem is that we are short of tools.问题是我们缺少工具。What interests me most is what I h

15、ave bought myself.使我非常感兴趣的是我自己买的东西。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.去把你的上衣拿回来，它还在你放的地方。That is why there appears a rainbow in the sky.那就是为什么天空中会出现彩虹。I think it is because youre eating too much.我认为那是因为你吃的太多了。Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter?这是原因我们在夏天比冬

16、天离太阳更近吗？The reason why he was ill is that he was caught in the heavy rain last night.他生病的原因是他昨天晚上淋雨了。It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了。His white hair was so hard that it looked as if it had been electrified.他的白头发如此硬的以致看起来象触了电似的。The boy looked about as if he were searching for something.= Th

17、e boy looked about as if in search of something.这个男孩好像在寻找什么东西。He raised his hand as if he would take off his hat.= He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起手好像要取下帽子。四、同位语从句 用作同位語的从句叫同位語从句，一般跟在一些名词如：idea（观点，看法）, news（消息）, word（消息），fact（事实）, promise（诺言）, truth（事实）, hope（愿望）, information（消息，信息）,

18、 knowledge（知识）, problem（问题）, thought（思想，想法）belief（相信，看法）等后面，用以说明名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连词有：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether（是否），连接副词：when（何时）, where（何地）, how（怎样，如何）, why（为什么）等。如：You would have no idea how excited I was at that moment.你不会知道我当时是多么的激动。There is a popular among parents that schools are no longe

19、r interested in handwriting.在家长中间有一个流行的看法，学校不再对书法感兴趣了。注： that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that不作任何句子成分只起引导作用，定语从句中的that既起引导作用又在定语从句中作一个句子成分。如：The newsthat he won the English Competition surprised us most.他赢得英语竞赛这个消息使我们感到非常惊讶。（该句中的that引导同位语从句，that不作任何句子成分只起引导作用。）The newsthat surprised us mostwas th

20、at he won the English Competition.使我们感到非常惊讶的这个消息是他赢得了英语竞赛。（该句中的that引导定语从句，that既起引导作用又在定语从句中作句子的主语。）注：a.注意如何使用不同的连接词。一般来说，如果名词性从句的句意是完整的，通常用that引导；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分主语、宾语或表语，指物时用what引导；指人时作主语用who，作宾语或表语用whom或who（不能用作介词的宾语）；表示两个或多个中选择一个或一部分时用which；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分定语时用whose；如果名词性从句缺状语，时间状语用when

21、，地点状语用where，方式状语用how，原因状语用why。如：The reason why he was absent from the lecture is that he was seriously ill.他没有来上课的原因是他病得很严重。What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们不能得到的好像总是要比我们拥有的更美好。I didnt quite follow you. What was that you just said about the place?（此句变为陈述句：That was what you just said

22、 about the place.）我不明白你的意思，那就是你谈到的这个地点的情况吗？What I want to say is that youd better have a rest.我想说的就是你最好休息一下。b.注意whether与if在名词性从句中的运用。Whether和if表示“是否”之意时可以引导名词性从句，whether可以用于任何名词性从句，而if通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or not连用；或用于it作形式主语的主语从句。如：I dont know whether (if) you like flowers, sir.先生，我不知道你是否喜欢花。He hesitated

23、whether (if) he should make one last attempt to save the man.他犹豫了一下，不知是否该作最后的努力去救那个男子。It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation.这就要看我们能否得到他们的合作。Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.这件事到底是好是坏还有待证实。His first question was whether she had arrived yet.他问的第一个问题就是她是否到了。I was

24、wondering whether I would go upstairs or follow him to the library.我不知道我是上楼还是跟他去图书馆。I had no idea whether I ought to offer her any help.我不知道我是否应该给她提供任何帮助。c.注意名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序，尤其是注意在宾语从句中。如：I know when the city used to be a small village.我知道这个城市曾经是一个小村庄。Can you tell me how China has joined in the WTO (

25、the World Trade Organization)?你能告诉我中国为什么加入世界贸易组织吗？d.注意如何使用下列连接词：whoever（无论谁）（主格）, whomever（无论谁）（宾格）, whatever（无论什么）, whichever（无论那个，无论那些）。这些连接代词引导名词性从句时，具有双重身份。也就是说，它既在主句中作一个句子成分，同时它又引导名词性从句，并在名词性从句中作一个句子成分。而其它的连接词只是引导名词性从句，连接代词或连接副词要在从句中作一个句子成分，但它本身不在主句中作一个句子成分，而是引导整个名词性从句在主句中作一个句子成分。试对比：Whoever ha

26、s saved the drowning girl is worth praising.谁救了那个落水女孩,谁就应该受到表扬。Whoever comes will be welcomed.无论是谁来了都会受到欢迎的。Whoever wants the book may have it.谁想要这本书就拿去吧。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.无论是谁得到这份工作都有很多事要做。He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job.他知道这些文件对任何一个接

27、手这项工作的人都有用。They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might desire.她们应该享有完成自由，嫁给她们可能愿意嫁的人。Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.请跟我谈一下正在给你带来麻烦的事。You must do whatever is best for you.你必须做对你好处最大的事。She would tell him whatever news she got.她会告诉他她所得到的任何消息。The prize will go to whicheve

28、r of you writes the best essay.此奖将奖给你们中论文写得最好的人。I will take whichever books you dont want.我要你不要的所有的书。Take whichever seat you like.你想坐那个座位就坐那个座位。 课堂练习：（1）1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，

29、而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2.A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。3. He asked _ for a violin

30、.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。4. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. When B. how C. whether D. why答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是医生真的怀疑我妈妈

31、是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案B。根据句意一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D，whichever表示无论哪一个，无论哪些，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B.whatever，表示无论什么。6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.