李泽基教案5状语从句.docx

1、李泽基教案5状语从句学生姓名 李泽基 年级 高二 授课时间 3:30-5:20 教师姓名 时老师 课时 2 教学课题状语从句1教学目标掌握状语从句的分类，每一种状语从句的用法并能够熟练运用状语从句重点难点状语从句中从属连词的选择及引导同一种状语从句的从属连词的相关比较状语从句1.引导状语从句的连词时间状语从句 when（as、while）（当时候）、since（自从）、before（在之前）、after（在之后）、until（till）（直到才）、whenever（每当）、once（一旦）、every time（每当）、the day（在那天）、as soon as（一就）、hardly（sc

2、arcely）when（一就）、no soonerthan（一就）、instantly（immediately、directly）（一就）、the moment（minute、second、instant）（一就）地点状语从句 where（在地方）、wherever（在任何地方）、every where（在每个地方）原因状语从句 because(as、for)（因为）、since（既然）、when（既然）、now（that）（既然）、in that（因为、既然）条件状语从句 if（如果）、unless（除非）、as（so）long as（只要）、providing（provided）（that

3、）（假如）、suppose（supposing）（that）（假如）、in case（如果）、only if（如果）、if only（但愿、如果就好了）、on condition that（条件是）让步状语从句 though（although）（虽然）、even if（even though）（即使）、while（虽然、尽管）、whatever（no matter what）（无论如何）、whenever（no matter when）（无论何时）、wherever（no matter where）（无论哪里）、whoever（no matter who）（无论谁）、however（no ma

4、tter how）（无论怎样）、for all（that）（尽管）、granting（granted） that（即使）、whetheror（不论还是）、in spite of（despite）the fact that（不管）结果状语从句 so that（so、that）（结果）、so（such）that（如此以至于）、but that（but）（要不是）目的状语从句 so that（so、that）（为了、以使）、lest（以防）、in case（以防、以免）、for fear that（以防）、in order that（为了）比较状语从句 than（比）、asas（像一样）、not s

5、o（as）as（不像一样）、（not）the same as（不）同一样）、not so as（不如）、（not） suchas（不）如）方式状语从句 as（像、犹如）、as if（as though）（好像、仿佛）、the way（的样子）2、时间状语从句（表示时间的状语从句） when、whenever、while和as when意为“当时候”，表示某个具体的时间。所引导从句的动作或是与主句的动作 同时发生，或是先于主句动作。when可指一段时间也可指一点时间（即时间点）；既可表示一时性动作又可表示持续性的动作。whenever意为“每当”，指的是任何一个不具体的时间。as意为“当时候”更

6、侧重于“一边一边”，as还可表示“随着”。while表示一个时间段，只能表示持续性的动作或状态，不能表示一次性或短暂性的动作。例如： He entered the lecture hall when (as或while)the lecturer was speaking.（指一段时间） While (as) he was studying, his brother was sleeping.（指一段时间） When (as) he arrives, I will inform him of it.（指一点时间不能用while） I was doing my homework when sudd

7、enly the telephone rang.（指一点时间） before和after before意为“在之前”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。after意为“在之后”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。例如： He had done good preparations before he went to college. After he had tried many times and failed in the end, he gave up. until和till 这两个词都表示“直到、到为止”。表示一个动作持续到某一时刻为止。二者用法相近，但在句首时只能用until。例如：

8、He waited at home until/till it stopped raining. Until all the lights in the street had been off, the boy went home.A、notuntil可用于强调句中，这种强调结构只能用until（till）不用before。例如：It wasnt until ten oclock that the lazy boy got up.B、notuntil可以位于句首表示强调，运用倒装结构，这时不可用before。例如：Not until yesterday did I find the missi

9、ng bag at home.Not until he was punished did the boy realize his fault.=It was not until he was punished that the boy realized his fault.=The boy didnt realize his fault until he was punished.sinceA、since表示“自从”，所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句多用延续性动词和完成时态。例如：He has worked at this college since he graduated.B、sin

10、ce引导的从句若用延续性动词或状态动词的过去时，则表示该动作或状态的完成或结束。例如：It has been five years since he worked here.他不在这工作已经五年了Since he lived here, I have lost touch with him. (=Since he left here)自从他不住在这儿，我就和他失去了联系Since he was at school, he has worked in that city. (=Since he wasnt at school)自从他下学，他就在这个城市工作hardly（scarcely）when

11、（before）和no sooner than这几个连词词组都表示“一就”，强调主句和从句的动作相继发生。此结构有以下两个特点：一是主句谓语动词用过去完成时（had done的形式），从句谓语动词用一般过去时；二是否定副词hardly、scarcely和no sooner位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，助动词had提到主语前面。例如：Hardly had they fallen in love with each other when they got married.=They had hardly fallen in love with each other when they got ma

12、rried.No sooner had I arrived home than it rained heavily.as soon as、directly、instantly、immediately和the moment这几个连词都表示“一就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作立刻发生。名词词组the instant、the moment、the minute、the second、every time、any time、next time、the first time、the last time、the day、the month、the week、the year、the morning、th

13、e afternoon等也可作为连词引导时间状语从句。例如：He went to the office immediately he received the notice.As soon as I arrive, I will make a telephone call to you.The moment (minute/second/instant)he saw her he fell in love with her deeply.Every time I meet her, she will smile to me.He got married the summer he gradua

14、ted from college.3、地点状语从句（表示地点的状语从句） 地点状语从句由where、wherever和anywhere引导，位置较灵活可放在主句后也可放在主句前。where指“在某个地方”、wherever指“在任何地方”、everywhere指“每个地方”。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. Put the book back where it is. Wherever we go, our parents will miss us. Anywhere you go, I will accompany you. 4、原因状语从

15、句（表示原因的状语从句） because、since、as和for A、because表示原因时语气最强，常用来回答why引导的疑问句。用于强调句强调原因时只能用because不可用其它三个词，because可和强调词just、only以及not连用。because从句一般位于主句后，也可放在主句前面表示强调。 B、since语气比because弱，表示一种附带的原因或是对方已知的事实，表示一种显然的理由，相当于汉语的“既然”，引导的从句常放在句首。since可用于省略句中（如since 、so“既然如此”），其他三个词不能用于省略句中。 C、as语气较弱，只是对主句的附带说明，表示不言自明的

16、原因或是已知的事实。as引导的从句通常放在主句前。 D、for表示原因时语气最弱，for引导的从句并不是主句行为的直接原因，只起到一种补充说明的作用。只能放在主句后面，不可位于主句前，且用逗号同主句隔开。 例如 Why do you disagree to the proposal? Because it is unpractical.(只能用because) He cut class just because he didnt like math. (只能用because) It was because he received high education that he had more

17、opportunities than others. (只能用because)Because he broke the traffic rule, he was fined.（表示强调） We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors.（位于主句后用逗号同主句隔开） Since you have no time to spare, I will turn to others for help. As I get lost, I dont know how to go back. now（that）、in that 这两

18、个连词意思相近意为“既然、由于”。now that位于句首，in that位于句中。例如： Now (that) you have done good preparations, you neednt feel worried. All of us like him in that he is very humorous.5、条件状语从句 if和unless if表示正面条件意为“如果”，unless表示反面条件意为“除非、如果不”相当于if not，一般情况下可以互换。 If it is sunny tomorrow, well go hiking. You will be late unl

19、ess you hurry. If you dont have a good command of English grammar, you wont study English well. =Unless you have a good command of English grammar, you wont study English well. provided/providing（that）、suppose/supposing（that）、so（as）long as、on condition that、in case、assuming（that）、given（that）等。例如： Su

20、pposing/suppose it rains, what should we do? Providing/provided (that) you can keep the secret to yourself, I can tell you about it. Assuming (that) an earthquake took place, what would happen to the village? In case I cant arrive on time, you can go first without me. only if和if only only if表示“只要”，o

21、nly起到强调的作用，引导的从句用陈述语气；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿、如果就好了”。例如： Only if you respect others, youll be respected. If only I were a millionaire. If only I had followed his advice. 6、让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等含义，不可和but同时使用，两者只能用一个。但可和yet、still、nevertheless等连用。although、though、even though和even if这几个词或词组都表示“虽然、即使

22、、尽管”。even though和even if语气较强而although和though相对较弱，although较正式而though较通俗。让步状语从句可位于主句前也可位于主句后。例如：Although our parents often criticize and even beat us, we still love them.Though I like listening to music, I cant sing.Even though (if) he is rich, yet he isnt happy.Though most of us are against it, never

23、theless I am for it.在让步状语从句中though和although常可互换，但在下列几种情况下只能用though不能用although。A、though可和even连用表示强调而although不可以。例如：Even though the process is full of difficulties, the result is wonderful and satisfactory.B、though可同as连用构成as though，相当于as if表示“好像”。例如： It looks as though its going to rain. C、though可用于倒装

24、式的让步状语从句中，相当于as，而although则不可以。例如： Tough though the situation is, I will face up to it. D、though作为副词或等立连词时表示转折，意为“然而、却”，不可用although。例如： He speaks English quickly though correctly. It is a fact, though. whetheror（not） 从属连词whetheror意为no matter whetheror，引导让步状语从句提供两个对比的情况，表示“不管”。例如： Whether you like it

25、or not, youll have to do it. Whether you go with me or stay at home, I will go. Whether or not it rains, the meeting will be held on time. whatever、whoever、whichever、whenever、wherever和however 这几个词除可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter what、no matter who、no matter which、no matter when、no matter where和no m

26、atter how表示“无论什么、无论谁、无论哪一个、无论何时、无论何地、无论如何”但“no matter+特殊疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。例如： Whatever you say, I wont believe you. (=no matter what) Whoever respects us, we should respect him. (=no matter who) Whenever she gets angry, he will cheer her up. (=no matter when) Wherever you go, I will keep you

27、company. (=no matter wherever) Whichever color you choose, the tie will match your coat well. (=no matter which) However careful we are, we will err. (no matter how) 让步状语从句中的倒装though引导的让步状语从句可以运用倒装结构而其它从属连词则不可以。在倒装结构中，though可用as或that代替。但用as和that引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。倒装形式主要有以下几种。A、名词+though（as、that）+主语+be动词M

28、anager though(as、that) he is, he is very modest.这时作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，名词不能同冠词连用。B、形容词+ though（as、that）+主语+谓语Strong though you are, you cant lift it.这时作表语的形容词前不能添加任何表示程度的副词。C、副词+ though（as、that）+主语+谓语Hard as he works, he was unable to make great progress.D、原形动词+ though（as、that）+主语+助动或情态动词Fail many times

29、as he did, he never lost heart.Search though they might, they cant find anybody in the house.E、现在分词+ though（as、that）+主语+be动词或助动词Raining as it is, Im going to visit you.Living, as he does, alone in the mountain, he feels pleased.F、过去分词+ though（as、that）+主语+be动词Praised as he was, he remained modest.但上述

30、有些结构并非总是表示让步，名词或过去分词放在句首时也可以表示原因。例如：Child as he is, he doesnt experience some social problems.Born as he is in a rich family, he grows up better than others.Tired as he was, he stopped working and went to bed.（原因）Tired as he was, he continued to work.（让步）7、结果状语从句sothat和suchthat这两个短语表示“如此以至于”，常用的结构如下

31、。so+形容词（副词）+thatso+形容词+a（an）+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词+thatsuch+a（an）+形容词+可数名词单数+thatThe boy is so young that he cant go to school.He had so many papers to do that he stayed up late.I had so little money that I couldnt afford that car.He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.=He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.so that、so和so that这三个词也可引导结果状语从句，也可理解为so that中的so或that可省略一个。so that最常见，so和that多用于口语中。so that引导的结果状语常用逗号同主句隔开。例如：He got up late, so t