专项语法练习.docx

1、专项语法练习第15讲：状语从句 状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。 状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。 时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 如:I will call you as soon as I arri

2、ve there. 原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。如：I dont like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。如：He is not here, because / for his mothe

3、r is ill. 目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。如：You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly. 结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so.that 或 such.that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。如：The bo

4、x is so heavy that I cant carry it. 让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。though, although 和 but不能同时使用。 Although it rained, they had a good time.练习：1. She will find him a kind man when she _him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know2. Well go out for a walk as soon as it _. A. stops raining

5、B. raining C. stop to rain D. rain3. The film was _ interesting _ everyone wanted to see it again. A. too, to B. so, that C. not ,until D. very, that4. We dont understand the passage _ there is few words in it. A. and B. if C. though D. because5. You are sure to pass the exam _ you study hard. A. if

6、 B. though C. that D. when6. If you _ free tomorrow, we wont go for a picnic. A. arent B. wont be C. werent D. dont7. What was Jim doing _ the teacher came in? A. while B. and C. when D. but8. You must stop _ the policeman say: stop! A. that B. if C. then D. until9. -The boy failed to pass the Engli

7、sh examination. -_ he didnt work hard. A. If B. Because C. When D. So10. Ill go for a walk with you if it _ tomorrow? A. wont rain B. doesnt rain C. will rain D. rain第14讲：宾语从句 一个句子如果加上宾语从句，句子显然变复杂了，也变的difficult了，其实，你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法，一切问题就迎刃而解了。 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。 以that引导

8、的宾语从句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. Good luck! 以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。如：I dont know if you can come tomorrow. 以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me how you can get here. 运用宾语从句要注意以下几点： 宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。 主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态，宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，事实时，即使主句是过去式，从句仍用一般现在时。练习：1

9、. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it2. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B. where C. what D. when3. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you. A. if, whether B. whether, whether C

10、. if, That D. if, If4. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. where is in their stockings C. where is their stocking in D. what in their stockings5. Can you tell me _? A. when does the ship leave B. when the ship will leave C. when the ship leave D. when will the ship leave

11、6. Can you tell me _? A. when did he come B. when he came C. when did he came D. he came when7. Can you tell me _ the radio ? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended8. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it

12、 happen9. I didnt know what colour_. A. is the bag B.the bag is C. was the bag D. the bag was10. Could you tell me _ with the money? A. how to do B. what should I do C. how should I do D. what I should do 热点一对引导词的考查引导状语从句的连接词 1. 引导时间状语从句的连词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/

13、 until, as soon as等。如： When I got home, he was having supper. 2. 引导原因状语从句的连词有because, since, as, for等。如： I missed the train because I got up late. 3. 引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so/ such.that., so that等。如： She is so short that she cant reach the buttons of the lift. 4. 引导让步状语从句的连接词有though, although, even if, even

14、 though, however/ no matter how, whatever/ no matter what等。如： Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 5. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless, as long as等。如： You wont pass the exam unless you work hard on it.引导宾语从句的连接词 一般来说，宾语从句的引导词是根据从句的原句句式而定：原句是陈述句时，用引导词that；原句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether；原句是特殊疑问

15、句时，引导词用原疑问词。如： I am glad（that）youve passed the exam. I dont know if/ whether it will rain tomorrow. I wonder where he got so much money.热点二对主、从句时态呼应的考查状语从句的时态 以when, as soon as, before, after, until等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句，当主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般将在时表示将来。如： Ill tell you as soon as he comes back tomorrow.宾语从句的

16、时态 1. 宾语从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。当主句谓语动词是过去时态时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时）。如： Li Lei told me that he was getting ready for the exam these days. 2. 若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句可根据情况选用恰当的时态。如： The radio reports that its going to rain this afternoon. 3. 若从句表示自然现象或客观真理时，其时态常用一般现在时，而不受主句限制。如： Yesterday Tom said t

17、hat the earth goes round the sun.热点三对复合句简化的考查含有状语从句的复合句转化为简单句 so.that.引导的结果状语从句有两种情况： 1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enough to”结构互换； 2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too.to”结构互换，也可以改为“not + adj./ adv. + enough to”。如： The room is so large that it can hold 1,000 people. The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people.含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句 1.

18、主句谓语动词为hope, wish, agree, decide, choose等，其后带（that）宾语从句，若主从句主语一致时，从句可以简化成不定式结构。如： He decides that he will visit our school.He decides to visit our school. 2. 主句的谓语动词为感官动词see, hear, watch或find等时，宾语从句常简化成“感官动词find宾语宾语补足语”结构，此时宾语由从句的主语转化而来，而宾语补足语多为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： Isaw that some children were playin

19、g in the park.I saw some children playing in the park. 3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当主从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词不定式”结构。如： I dont know how I can get there. I dont know how to get there.热点四对两类从句综合起来考查 1. 从引导词看，if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，意为“是否”；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”；充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“当的时候”。 2. 从时态看，if和when作连接词，引导宾语从句时，宾语从句中和谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化；if和when充当从属连词，引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。