高考英语 非谓语动词的用法和区别9.docx

1、高考英语 非谓语动词的用法和区别92012高考总复习（9）：非谓语动词的用法和区别考试要求：非谓语动词是高中阶段的语法重点和难点，高考大纲语法部分明确要求，考生们必须掌握动词不定式、动词ing形式（根据功能可分为现在分词和动名词）、动词ed形式在句子中的各种用法。高考的各大题型对非谓语动词的用法以及区别的考查都有涉及。同时这也是很多同学学习的难点。知识总结：不定式的用法1.不定式作主语，不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。To lose your heart means failure.It took me only five minutes to finish th

2、e job.To do two things at a time is to do neither2.不定式作宾语下列动词要求必须接不定式做宾语：attempt企图；enable能够；neglect忽视；afford负担得起；demand要求；long渴望；arrange安排；destine注定；mean意欲，打算；expect期望；omit忽略，遗漏；appear似乎，显得；determine决定；manage设法；cease停止； pretend假装；ask要求；agree同意；desire愿望；love爱；volunteer志愿；wish希望；bear承受；endeavor努力；offe

3、r提供；beg请求；fail不能；plan计划；bother扰乱，烦恼；prefer喜欢，宁愿；care关心，喜欢；happen碰巧；prepare准备；decide决定；learn学习；regret抱歉，遗憾；choose选择；hesitate犹豫；claim要求；hope希望；promise承诺，允许；start开始；undertake承接；want想要；consent同意，赞同；intend想要；refuse拒绝；seek找，寻觅；try试图3.不定式作表语What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most impo

4、rtant thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. （主语的内容或性质） He is to marry Rose. （表按计划要做的事情） 4.不定式作定语不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系：He was the last one to leave school yesterday 不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系：Get him something to eat I need a pen to write with.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.5.不定

5、式作宾语补足语We often hear her sing the song at home.（省略to）My teacher asked me to go there on time.She was considered to have stolen the money.下列词常接不定式做宾补：see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have6.不定式作目的状语，相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语。Tim sat near the fire to g

6、et warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.7.不定式作结果状语，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词 as to do结构。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at nightIm not such

7、 a fool as to believe that.8.不定式作原因状语，常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后。I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.9.不定式的完成式，表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be kno

8、wn，be reported等动词常用不定式的完成式。此外，形容词glad，happy，satisfied，sorry，surprised，disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意与一般式的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）10.不定式的省略现象不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, obs

9、erve 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 I watched him disappear in the distance. 介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do，不定式要省去to。 We did nothing but/except wait then. 不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。 What I want to do now is (to) find some books to read. 11.不定式后动词的省略 动词love, me

10、an, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。 但句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have, should have, ought to have, nee

11、dnt have, used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 -Are you a sailor? - No, but I used to be (a sailor). 12.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。 When to start has not been decided何时动身尚未决定。(主语)I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the riv

12、er困难在于如何过河。(表语)I can tell you where to get this book. 我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主，表，宾，补，定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ;to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。 动名词的用法：1. 动名词作主语Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.Its no use waiti

13、ng here.2. 动名词作表语The nurses job is looking after the patients. （描述护士的工作内容） The nurse is looking after the patients.(进行时态，表示动作在进行)3. 动名词作宾语下列动词后只能接动名词： cease 停止；mention说到，讲到；admit 承认；tolerate忍受；dislike不喜欢，讨厌；appreciate 感激，欣赏；avoid避免；enjoy享有，喜爱；bear忍受；cant help不禁；delay延迟；escape逃跑，逃避；cant stand 受不了；den

14、y 否认；consider 考虑； fancy幻想，爱好；mind 介意；miss错过；finish完成，结束；resist抵抗，阻止；forgive 原谅；imagine 设想；postpone 延迟，延期；risk 冒险；practice 实行，实践；suggest 建议；Do you mind my opening the windows? 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off（停止，戒掉）, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth.，devote to

15、, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worthI am used to watching TV in the evening. 4. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系。a sleeping bag 睡袋a walking stick 拐杖5. 动名词的时态和语态：否定式为not doing; 被动式为being done；完成式为 having doneI am used to watching TV in the evening. She regret not having studied the computer hard. His being looked down upon made him sick.I ca