八年级英语应用文写作module 2 experiences外研社知识精讲.docx

1、八年级英语应用文写作module 2 experiences外研社知识精讲初二英语应用文写作；Module 2 Experiences外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：1. 应用文写作2. Module 2 Experiences 二. 重点、难点现在完成时（1）三. 具体内容（一）应用文写作英文书信第一模块多次使用书信，但是英文书信的行文方法和书写格式都与汉语有所不同。下面就英文书信的组成和格式作一说明：1. 英文书信通常由下列五个部分组成：A：信头（Heading） 信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在比较熟悉的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。本课的信头没写写信

2、日期，也没有写写信人的地址。日期通常有下列两种表达法： （1）月、日、年：如April 15，2006（2）日、月、年：如15th April，2006地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通常写在城市名之后）。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写13行，日期写在地址的下方（见信笺格式）。B：称呼（Salutation）称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Xiaojun，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用Dear 或My dear 开头，称呼后一般用逗号。C：正文（Body）这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求文字通顺，层次分

3、明，表意清楚。可以手书，也可以打印。D：结束语（Complimentary Close）它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”、“敬礼”之类的话语。本课书信中的“Best wishes”（致以最好的祝愿）就是结束语。E：签名（Signature）签名通常签在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置，也可写在左下方。签名应是亲笔书写， 即使是打印机打出的信件，最后仍需亲笔签名。在签名的上方可根据写信人和收信人的关系写上Sincerely yoursYours sincerely（用于长辈或朋友之间），或Respectfully yoursYours respectfully（用于对长辈或上级）。2

4、. 书信格式如下： 123, Zhongshan Road Wuchang, Wuhan 430060 （信头） Hubei, China May 15, 2006Dear Simon，（称呼） （正文） Best wishes，（结束语） Yours sincerely， Li Hua（签名）语法针对性练习（15分钟），（264）假如你是随州市第六中学的学生李雷，请你根据以下内容提示给你的朋友小伟写一封信，告诉他有关你上个月去武汉旅行的经过。（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数）要求：70词左右。提示：1. 上个月，你和父母一起乘火车去武汉。2. 火车上非常舒适，可以看到窗外的美丽景色。你们

5、大约花了三个小时到达武汉。3. 武汉是中国最大的城市之一。它有很多名胜，特别以东湖闻名。你们参观了东湖，在那里拍了一些照片。4. 感想。 No. 6 Middle School Sui zhou June 22nd，2006Dear Xiaowei，_ Yours, Li Lei正文部分参考范文Last month, my parents and I went to Wuhan by train. The train was quite comfortable. We could see the beautiful scenery out of the window. It took us a

6、bout 3 hours to reach Wuhan.Wuhan is one of the biggest cities in China. There are many places of interest in Wuhan, especially its famous for the East Lake. We visited it, and took some photos there.We had a wonderful time in Wuhan.2. 现在完成时态（1） 如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的句

7、子：（1）I have seen the filmI dont want to see it again这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。（2）Has she answered all the questions? 所有的问题她都回答了吗? （3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗?（4）I have never visited the USA我从没有去过美国。以上句子的谓语动词有一个共同的特点就是“havehas+动词的过去分词”，用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响，如（1），（2）还

8、可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情，如（3）、（4）。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。从以上例句中我们也看到现在完成时的疑问句表达方式，由此可以推出现在完成人称肯定否定疑问回答 第一人称I have seen the questionnaire in the newspaper.I havent（have not）seen the questionnaire in the newspaper.Have you seen the questionnaire in the newspaper?Yes, I have.No, I havent. 第二人称You have been to En

9、gland.You havent（have not）been to England.Have you been to England ?Yes, we have.No, we havent.第三人称He/She has been to Disneyland in Los Angeles.They have played concerts all over the world.He/She hasnt（has not）been to Disneyland in Los Angeles.They havent（have not）played concerts all over the world.

10、Has he/she been to Disneyland in Los Angeles ?Have they played concerts all over the world ?Yes, he/she has.No, he/ she hasnt.Yes, they have .No, they havent .现在完成时中，除第三单数形式用“has（hasnt）+ 动词过去分词”形式以外，其他人称都用“have（havent）+动词过去分词”形式。动词过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词过去时形式相同，但是不规则动词的变化形式没有规律，需要记忆，比如：seesawseen taketookta

11、ken bewas，werebeen sendsentsent eatateeaten findfoundfound breakbrokebroken makemademade gowentgonehavehadhad 3. Module 2 知识点分析（1）短语sell out 意思是“卖完、卖光”eg. The shop sold out all their shirts. =Their shirts are all sold out. 那家商店的衬衫卖光了。注意：sell out 也有“出卖、背叛”之意； sell up 也有“卖光”之意。而sell-out是名词，“出卖、背叛”的意思。

12、（2）同近义词辨析 ever，never与always这三个词都是副词，都可用于现在完成时态中。ever表示“曾经”、“在任何时候”（=at anytime），用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 eg：Have you ever dreamt of visiting Tibet？ 你梦想过到西藏旅游吗?I hardly ever see him nowadays . 近来我很少见到他。never表示“未曾，从来不”，而always表示“一直，总是”，是一对反义词。 eg：Ive never visited the USA , so Ive always wanted to visit the

13、re .我从未去过美国，因此，我一直都想去那里旅游。另外，never，与always还多用于一般现在时态中表频率，作频率副词，类似的还有usually，often，sometimes和seldom，它们的区别应用见图示：频率副词的频率 日 一 二 三 四 五 六 日always 总是 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes有时 seldom 难得，很少 never 从不 another 与 the otheranother 通常用于三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体，意思是“另一个；再一个”eg：This pair of shoes is too small for

14、me. Please show me another.这双鞋我穿太小，请给我再拿一双试试。the other 指两者中的“另一个”，有特定的数量范围，不是任意的“另一个”。eg：Here are two tickets. One is for you , and the other is for your aunt .这有两张票，一张是给你的，另一张是给你姑姑的。（3）交际用语与背景知识 询问某人是否干过某件事及问答Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你曾经想过周游世界吗?Yes , I have . No , I havent .

15、是的，想过。不，没想过。在汉语中，用“曾经过吗?”来表达事件是否发生过，是否产生过影响，在英语中，用“HaveHasever+过去分词?”来表达这一含义。 eg：Has he ever seen the film Hero ? 他曾经看过英雄这部电影吗? Yes , he has . 是的，他看过。（4）重难点句子分析 And Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day . 萨莉已经向我发出邀请，有一天和她在英国相会。精讲： invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”。 eg：Im going to

16、invite ten of my friends to take part in my birthday party .我打算邀请我的10个朋友参加我的生日聚会。 stay with sb. 意为“和某人呆在一起”，stay指短暂停留、居住，而live指长期居住。 When you go to sleep , what do you dream about? 你睡觉时，做什么梦?精讲：dream表示“做梦；渴望，梦想”，其后可以接介词of或about，组成动介短语，如：dream ofabout+名词、代词或动名词。 eg：What did you dream about last night

17、 ? 昨天晚上你梦见什么了?I dreamed aboutof flying like a bird in the sky . 我梦见像一只鸟一样在天空中飞。*dream of意思是“梦见”或“梦想”。of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 eg：The soldier often dreams of home . 这名士兵常梦见家。He dreams of becoming a pilot . 他一心想当飞行员。注意：dream of常与not，little，never等连用，表示“想不到”。I never dreamt of it我做梦也没想到。 Wei Ming has been all

18、over China by plane. 魏明乘飞机去过中国各地。精讲：have/ has been to 常用来表示“曾经去过某地”（人已经回来了）eg：Mr Liu has been to France, and he worked in a high school there. 刘老师曾经去过法国，并在那里的高中任教。have/ has gone to 常用来表示“已去了某地”（人还没回来）eg：My uncle has gone to Tokyo in Japan. 我叔叔已去了日本的东京。 This will help you understand the passage bette

19、r.这将帮助你更好的理解短文。精讲：dobetter意思是“更好地干”eg：Speaking English loudly is a good way to learning English better.【模拟试题一】语法针对性练习 一. 选择题1. Has John _ Beijing _ Shanghai? A. leaving；to B. 1eft；to C. left；for D. 1eaving；for2. I think if youve lost the library book，you must _ it . A. pay for B. pay C. spend by D.

20、take3. 一Have you _ your key? No , Ive _ for it everywhere，but I cant find it . A. find；looked B. looked；found C. found；looked D. looked；looked4. Ive met her before , so I dont know her . A. never B. ever C. just D. vet5. 一Could you me your bike? 一Sorry , Tom It already . A. borrow；has 1ent B. borrow

21、；lend C. 1end；has borrowed D. 1end；borrow二. 句型转换1. Hes already got some books on history .（改为否定句）He got books on history .2. Theyve never seen each other before .（改为反意疑问句）Theyve never seen each other before , _ _ ?3. I borrowed this book two days ago .（改为同义句）I this book two days .4. My uncle has bee

22、n to Disneyland twice .（就画线部分提问）_ _ _ has your uncle been to Disneyland?【模拟试题二】一. 单项选择1. Where is Mary? She _ to Harbin.A. has been B. has gone C. had been D. goes2. _ to Jinan? Yes. And shell be back next week.A. Has she been B. Did she go C. Has she gone D. Is she going3. Have you ever _?No, never

23、. A. abroad B. go broad C. going abroad D. been abroad4. I think Ive lost my book._.A. Im happy to hear that. B. It doesnt matter. Thank you all the same.C. Thank you for telling me. D. Im sorry to hear that.5. Have you finished reading the book? _. Ill finish it next week.A. Already B. What a pity

24、C. Not yet D. Maybe 6. So far we _ very happy.A. were B. are C. have been D. will be 7. _Mary has grown up , it doesnt mean she can do what she likes. A. Because B. After C. Although D. But8. Ive found your watch. You _ it on my desk yesterday.A. left B. have left C. forgot D. have forgotten9. How m

25、any of you have been to the USA?_A. None B. No one C. Nobody D. Somebody10. He has ever read the story book, _ _?A. doesnt he B. has he C. hasnt he D. does he二. 完型填空Mike Robinson is a 1 English schoolboy. His sister Clare is 14. 2 the moment, Mike and Clare are at a school in Sydney, one of the bigg

26、est cities in Australia. They 3 there for two years. They like the school, but they know that soon they will leave and 4 England with their parents.Mike and Clare have 5 been to schools in America, Germany, France and China. This is because their father , Peter, works for a very big international co

27、mpany. The company has offices in many different countries. The company 6 Peter to work in many different countries. Peter usually stays in one country for about two years. Then the company moves him again. His family 7 goes with him.The Robinsons are a 8 family and love seeing the world. Mike and C

28、lare have learnt to speak French German and a little Chinese. The two children have friends 9 . But they are glad that they are going to return to England. Recently, the children told their parents , “ We want to stay in England. We dont want to move again. ” Their father agrees and has asked his co

29、mpany to keep him in England. The company 10 . Mike and Clare are very happy about this.1. A. 15-year-old B. 15-years-old C. 15 years old D. 15 year old2. A. at B. In C. At D. After3. A. went B. have been C. has been D. have gone 4. A. return to B. get to C. come to D. go to5. A. too B. either C. recently D. also6. A. has send B. have send C. has sent D. have sent7. A. ever B. never C. always D. hardly8. A. happiness B. happy C. lucky D. unhappy9. A. in the country B. in the school C. in the city D. all over the world10. A. has agreed B. have agreed C. has agreed D. have agreed三. 补全