传热学专业英语词汇.docx

1、传热学专业英语词汇Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer主要容1. Concepts: heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation2. Equations:1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat ba

2、lance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fouriers law of heat conduction4) Newtons law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law主要专业词汇heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学 thermodynamics热力学caloric 热素 specific heat 比热 mass flow rate 质量流率latent heat 潜热 sensible heat 显热 heat flux热流密度heat transfer ra

3、te热流量 total amount of heat transfer总热量 conduction导热 convection对流 radiation辐射thermal conductivity 热导率 thermal diffusivity 热扩散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 对流/综合换热系数emissivity 发射率 absorptivity 吸收率simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation主要容1. Concepts: temperat

4、ure field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steadytransient heat transfer、uniformnonuniform temperature distribution2. Equations:1) Fouriers law of heat conduction (2-1) 2) Heat conduction equation (in rectangularcylindricalspherical coordinates) (2-2、2-3)3) B

5、oundary conditions: (2-4)a) Specified temperature B. C. b) Specified heat flux B. C. special case(dt/dx=0): insulation、thermal symmetry; c) Convection B.C. d) Radiation B.C.e) Interface B.C. 4) Average thermal conductivity kave (2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in plane wal

6、ls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：a) no heat generation, specified B.C.: T(x) or T(r) (2-5) Q(x) or Q(r), Q=constb) with heat generation, Specified B.C. or Convection B.C. : (2-6) Tmax=To-Ts= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; Ts=T + gs/nhcharacteristic length S, shape factor n:plane walls s = L (half thickness

7、), n = 1cylinders s = ro, n = 2spheres s = ro, n =33. Methods: Solve a heat transfer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)2) General solution of equation3) Application of B.C.s4) Unique solution of the problem主要专业词汇temperature fielddistribution温度场分布 temperature gradient温度

8、梯度heat generation热生成(热源) initialboundary condition初始边界条件transient heat transfer瞬态(非稳态)传热 isothermal surface 等温面Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程trial and error method试算法 iterate迭代 convergence 收敛Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要容1. Concepts: multilayercomposite wall overall heat transfer

9、coefficient Uthermal resistance Rt thermal contact resistance Rc critical radius of insulation Rcrfin efficiency fin effectiveness2. Equations: Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres: Fin: fin equationrefer to the attachment.1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.2) Varying cross-se

10、ction: refer to the attachment.主要专业词汇thermal resistance热阻 parallel 并联 in series串联thermal contact resistance 接触热阻 composite wall 复合壁面thermal grease 热脂 cross-section 横截面 temperature execess 过余温度hyperbolic 双曲线的 exponent 指数fin 肋(翅)片 fin base 肋基 fin tip 肋端fin efficiency 肋效率 fin effectiveness 肋片有效度Chapter

11、 4 Transient Heat Conduction主要容1. Concepts: lumped system analysis characteristic length (Lc=V/A)Biot number (Bi=hLc /k) Fourier number ( = at/L)2. Equations: Bi0, lumped system analysis (4-1) Bi0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions 1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and

12、spheres (4-2) b) semi-infinite solids (4-3) multidimensional: product solution (4-4)主要专业词汇lumped system analysis 集总参数法 characteristic length 特征长度（尺寸）dimension 量纲 nondimensionalize 无量纲化 dimensionless quantity 无量纲量semi-infinite solid 半无限大固体 complementary error function 误差余函数series 级数 production soluti

13、on 乘积解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction主要容1. Concepts: control volume (energy balance) method、 finite difference method、discretization、 node、space step、time step、mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients

14、0) Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error2. Methods:Numerical solution:1) Discretization in space and time ( x, t);2) Build all nodes finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes); i. Finite difference method ii. Energy balance method (i.e. C

15、ontrol Volume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction; i. Direct method: Gaussian Eliminationii. Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration主要专业词汇control volume 控制容积 finite difference有限差分 Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式mirror image concept 镜像法 Elimination method 消元法direct/iterati

16、ve method 直接/迭代方法 explicit/implicit method 显式/隐式格式stability criterion 稳定性条件 primary coefficients 主系数 unconditionally 无条件地 algebraic eq. 代数方程discretization/truncation error 离散/截断误差 round-off error 舍入误差Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural Convection主要容1. Concepts: Nu、Re、Gr、PrForce/natural convect

17、ion、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layerflow regimes、laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Rec)、hydraulic diameter (Dh)、film temperature (Tf)、bulk mean fluid temperature (Tb) logarithmic mean temperature difference (

18、 Tln)volume expansion coefficient ( = 1/T)effective thermal conductivity (Keff = KNu)2. Equations:Drag force ： FD = CfAV2/2Heat transfer rate： Q = hA(Ts-T )3Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced convection： external flowflow over flat plates (6-4) flow across cylinders and spheres (6-5) internal fl

19、owflow in tubes (6-6)2) Natural convection： flow over surfaces (7-2)flow inside enclosures (7-3)主要专业词汇Force/natural convection 自然/强制对流 laminar/turbulent flow 层/湍流boundary layer 边界层 laminar sublayer 层流底层 buffer layer 缓冲层 transition region 过渡区 flow regimes 流态inertia/viscous force 惯性/粘性力 shear stress 剪

20、切应力 friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系数 friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力/运动粘度wake 尾流 stagnation point 滞止点 flow separation 流体分离vortex 漩涡 rotational motion 环流 velocity fluctuation 速度脉动hydrodynamic 水动力学的 hydraulic diameter 水力直径fully developed region 充分发展段 volume flow rate 体积流量arithmetic/l

21、ogarithmic mean temperature difference 算术/对数平均温差volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数interferometer 干涉仪 asymptotic渐近线的effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率analogical method 类比法 integral approach 积分近似法order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法 similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer主要容1. Conc

22、epts: black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)emissivity ()、absorptivity ()、reflectivity ()、transmissivity ()irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surfaceview factor (Fij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistanceradiation shieldgas radiation、transparent mediu

23、m to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium2. Laws:Blackbody： (1) Planks law(2) Stefan-Boltzmanns law(3) Wiens displacement lawGraybody： (4) Kirchhoffs lawActual body： E (T) = Eb(T) = T4 W/m2Gas： (5) Beers law3Calculation:1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rulecrossed-s

24、trings method2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation networkOpen system： between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates)Enclosure： 2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosureRadiation shield主要专业词汇thermal radiation热辐射、quantum theory量子理论、index of refraction 折射系数electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波/波谱、ultra

25、violet (UV) rays紫外线、infrared (IR) rays 红外线absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity () 发射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 镜反射/漫反射irradiation (incident radiation) 投入辐射、radiosity 有效辐射spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/定向/总 辐射力fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额(辐射比)、bla

26、ckbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数view factor 辐射角系数、crossed-strings method交叉线法、reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/对称性net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量radiation network 辐射网络图、space/surface radiation resistance 空间/表面辐射热阻、reradiating surface重辐射面、adiabatic 绝热的radiation shield遮热板tra

27、nsparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透过性介质Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers主要容1. Concepts: heat exchanger type- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchangerparallel/counter/cross/multipass flowoverall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling f

28、actor (Rf)heat capacity rate capacity rationlog mean temperature difference (Tlm)heat transfer effectiveness () number of transfer units (NTU)2. Equations:1) heat balance eq.: Q = Ch (Th,in - Th,out)=Cc(Tc,out - Tc,in)2) heat transfer eq.: Q = UATlm ( LMTD method)or Q = Qmax = Cmin (Th,in ？C Tc,in)

29、( -NTU method)3Methods:1) LMTD Method：select a heat exchangerKnown: Ch、Cc、3TPredict: 1T、Q、A2) -NTU Method：evaluate the performance of a specified heat exchangerKnown: Ch、Cc、UA、Th,in、Tc,inPredict: Q、Th,out、Tc,out主要专业词汇double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerative heat exchanger套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热（再生）式换热器parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow 顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流area density 面积密度tube/shell pass 管程/壳程 static/dynamic type 静/动态型baffle 挡板 header 封头 nozzle管嘴 guide bar 导向杆 porthole 孔口gasket 垫圈 lateral 侧面的/横向的fouling factor 污垢因子 heat capacity rate 水当量heat transfer effectiveness () 传热有效度nu