英语成分+词组.docx

1、英语成分+词组英语句子成分讲解一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真

2、正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形

3、容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) .It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The

4、 food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.三、宾语：1)动作的承受者动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he sai

5、d? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We

6、 found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词)五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was

7、 advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介

8、词)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be

9、held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pathe exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.英语常用词组一,动词词

10、组 (包括短语动词、介词词组和其他词组）(一)由be构成的词组1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出2)be at home/work 在家/上班3)be good at 善于,擅长于4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细5)be covered with 被复盖6)be ready for 为作好准备7)be surprised (at) 对感到惊讶8)be interested in 对感到举9)be born 出生10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着11)be able to do sth. 能够做12)be afraid of (to do sth. t

11、hat) 害怕(不敢做,恐怕)13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气14)be 2/4pleased (with) 对感到高兴(满意)15)be famous for 以而著名16)be strict in (with) (对工作,对人)严格要求17)be from 来自,什么地方人18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了19)be worried 担忧20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做21)be covered with 被所覆盖22)be in (great) need of (很)需要23)be in trou

12、ble 处于困境中24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做25)be late for 迟到26)be made of (from) 由制成27)be satisfied with 对感到满意28)be free 空闲的, 14)do morning exercises 做早操15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操16)do well in 在某方面干得好17)get up 起身18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为作好准备20)get on (well) with 与相处(融洽

13、)21)get back 返回22)get rid of 除掉,去除23)get in 进入,收集24)get on/off 上/下车25)get to 到达26)get there 到达那里27)give sb. a call 给打电话28)give a talk 作报告29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)30)give 3/4有空29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做(忙于)(二)由come,do,get,give,go,have,help,keep,make,look,

14、put,set,send,take,turn,play等动词构成的词组1)come back 回来2)come down 下来3)come in 进入,进来4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来5)come out出来6)come out of 从出来7)come up 上来8)come from 来自9)do ones lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读11)do ones best 尽力12)do some shopping (cooking 4/4reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读

15、点书,大扫除)13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)第1/9 2/4sth. 在方面帮助 帮助做79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉80)help each other 互相帮助81)keep up with 跟上,不落后于82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静83)keep sb. doing sth. 使一直做84)keep ones diary 记日记85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十

16、分嘈杂,响声)86)make a living 谋生87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做88)make faces (a face)做鬼89)make friends (with)与交朋友90)make a mistake 3/4home (there) 回家去(去那儿)45)go round 顺便去,绕道走46)go up 上去47)go out for a walk 外出散步48)go on (doing) 继续(做)49)go on with ones work 继续某人的工作50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼51)(the lights) go

17、out (灯)熄了52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛54)have dictation 听见55)have a try 试一试56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴57)have a lecture (a piano 1/48)send out 放出,发出119)end up 把往上送,发射120)take ones advice 听从某人劝告121)take out 拿出,取出122)take down

18、 拿下123)take place 发生124)take ones place 坐的座位,代替某人职务125)take the place of 代替126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息127)take it easy 别紧张128)take sth. with sb. 随身带着129)take sb. to a park/London for ones holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)132)take 2/4back 归还,送回31

19、)givesome advice on 给一些忠告32)give lessons to 给上课33)give in 屈服34)give up 放弃35)give sb. a chance 给一次机会36)give a message to 给一个口信37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧38)go to the cinema 看电影39)go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学)41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝走

20、去43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西44)go 3/4football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球 149)play games 做游戏150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)151)play with snow 玩雪152)play a joke (on) 对开玩笑(三)由其他动词构成的词组153)think over 仔细考虑154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处155)eat up 吃完,吃光156)do well in 在干得好157)enjo

21、y doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事 158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)159)finish off 吃完,喝完160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事162)hold 4/4concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于的报告59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶)60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭61)have

22、 a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)62)have a dinner 吃正餐63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶64)have (have got) a headache 头痛65)have a fever 发烧第2/9页 3/3抓住34)instead of 代替35)hand in 交上来36)stay in bed 卧病在床37)hear from 收到来信38)at once 立刻39)at last 最后40)at first 起先,首先41)at the age of 在岁时42)at the end

23、of 在之末43)at the beginning of 在之初44)at the foot of 在脚下第5/9页 1/46)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)67)have a look (at) 看一看68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)69)have a talk 谈话70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步71)have sports 进行体育锻炼72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会73)have something done 让人(请人)做74)have a test/an

24、 exam 测验/考试75)have an idea 有了个主意76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做(最好不要做)77)have a word with 与谈几句话78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do 3/3way to 某人在去的路上82)on foot 步行,走路83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告84)on the other hand 另一方面85)at/on the weekend 在周末86)on the left (right) 在左(右)边87)on the other side of

25、在另一边88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)89)to ones joy 使高兴的是90)to ones surprise 使惊讶的是三,量词词组和其他词组(一)量词词组1)a bit 一点儿2)a few (of) 一些(可数),几个第6/9页 3/4(mistakes)犯错误91)make room/space for 给腾出地方92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用造句93)make a fire 生火94)be made from/of 由制成95)be made in 在地方制造96)look out of (outside) 往

26、外看(看外面)97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典98)look up 往上看,仰望99)look after 照管,照看,照顾100)look for 寻找101)look like 看上去像102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 103)look out 当心,小心104)look on as 3/3最近两年(左右)12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界13)a moment ago 刚才14)just now/then 刚才/那15)ha

27、lf an hours walk 步行半小时的路程16)late on 过后,后来常用短语动词分类归纳一,动词+介词1.agree with同意意见;符合;一致2.ask for请求;询问3.arrive at/in到达4.begin with以开始e from来自6.feel like想要7.fall behind落在后面8.fall off掉下9.get to到达10.get on上(车)第7/9页 4/4把当作看待105)look around 朝四周看106)look at 看着107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,

28、109)put into 使进入,输入110)put ones heart into 全神贯注于111)putdown 把放下112)putinto 把译成113)set up 竖起,建起114)set off 出发,动身115)set out 出发116)set an example for 为树立榜样117)send for 派人去请(叫)第3/9页 2/4an exam 参加考试133)take away 拿走134)take back 收回,带回135)take hold of 抓住136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉137)take (an active) part i

29、n (积极)参加(活动)138)take photos 拍照139)take some medicine 服药140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)143)turn in 交出,上交144)turninto 变成145)turn to 翻到,转向146)turn down (把音量)调低147)turnover 把翻过来148)play basketball 打篮球, 4/4a meting 举行会议163)hold up 举起164)hurry up 赶快,快点165)enter for 报名参加166)laugh at 嘲笑第4/9页 秋天叫醒我 2014/2/23 21:07:342/2for对有益/害10.be friendly to对友-第9/9页 1/3167)be used to 习惯于168)used to 过去常常169)wakeup 唤醒170)work out 算出171)sth happen to s