朗文词典注释所用核心词汇集.docx

1、朗文词典注释所用核心词汇集The Longman Defining VocabularyWords used in the definitions in this dictionaryAll the definitions in this dictionary have been written using the words in this list. If a definition includes a word that is not in the list, that word is shown in small capital letters.The Defining Vocabul

2、ary has been carefully chosen after a thorough study of all the well-known frequency lists of English words. Furthermore, only the most common and entral meanings of the words in the list have actually been used in definitions. We have also used a special computer program that checks every entry to

3、ensure that words from outside the Defining Vocabulary do not appear in definitions. Word class restrictionsFor some words in the list, a word class label such as n or adj is shown. This means that this particular word is used in definitions only in the word class shown. So anger, for example, is us

4、ed only as a noun and not as a verb. But if no word class is shown for a word, it can be used in any of its usual word classes: answer, for example, is used in definitions both as a noun and as a verb. Compound wordsDefinitions occasionally include compound words formed from words in the Defining Vo

5、cabulary, but this is only done if the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word businessman (formed from business and man) is used in some definitions. Prefixes and suffixesThe main list is followed by a list of common prefixes and suffixes. These can be added to words in the main list to

6、form derived words, provided the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word nervousness (formed by adding -ness to nervous) is used in some definitions. Phrasal verbsPhrasal verbs formed by combining words in the Defining Vocabulary (for example, put up with) are not used in definitions in t

7、he dictionary, except in a very small number of cases where the phrasal verb is extremely common and there is no common equivalent. So, for example, give up (as in give up smoking) and take off (as in the plane took off) are occasionally used. Proper namesThe Defining Vocabulary does not include the

8、 names of actual places, nationalities, religions, and so on, which are occasionally mentioned in definitions. Pearson Education Limited 1999Aaabbreviationabilityableaboutabove adv, prepabroadabsenceabsent adjacceptacceptableaccidentaccidentalaccording toaccount nachieveachievementacidacrossactactio

9、nactiveactivityactor, actressactualactuallyaddadditionadditionaladdressadjectiveadmirationadmireadmitadultadvancedadvantageadventure nadverbadvertiseadvertisementadviceadviseaffairaffectaffordafraidafter adv, conj, prepafternoonafterwardsagainagainstage nagoagreeagreementaheadaimair naircraftairport

10、alcoholaliveall adv, pron, determiner, pre-determinerallowalmostalonealongalphabetalreadyalsoalthoughalwaysamongamount namuseamusementamusinganancient adjandanger nangle nangryanimalannounceannoyannoyinganotheransweranxietyanxiousanyanyoneanythinganywhereapartapartmentappearappearanceappleapprovalap

11、proveareaargueargumentarm narmyaroundarrangearrangementarrivalarriveartarticleartificialasas opposed toashamedaskasleepassociationatatomattackattemptattendattentionattitudeattractattractiveauthorityautumnavailableaverage adj, navoidawake adjaway advawkwardBbabyback adj, adv, nbackgroundbackward(s) a

12、dvbadbag nbake vbalanceball nband nbank nbar nbase n, vbasicbasketbath nbattle nbebeach nbeakbeam nbeanbearbeatbeautifulbeautybecausebecomebedbeerbeforebeginbeginningbehavebehaviourbehind adv, prepbeliefbelievebellbelongbelowbelt nbendbeneathbeside(s)bestbetter adj, advbetweenbeyond adj, adv bicycle

13、 nbig adjbillbirdbirthbitbitebitter adjblack adj, nbladeblameblind adjblockbloodblowblueboard nboatbodyboilbombbone nbook nboot nborder nboredboringbornborrowbothbottle nbottom nbowl nbox nboybrain nbranch nbrave adjbreadbreak vbreakfast nbreastbreathbreathebreedbrickbridge nbrightbringbroad adjbroa

14、dcast vbrotherbrown adj, n brushbuild vbuildingbullet burnburst vburybusbushbusinessbusybut conjbutter nbutton nbuy vby prepCcake ncalculatecall vcalm adjcameracamp n, vcancapcapital ncarcardcarecarefulcarelesscarriagecarrycase ncastlecatcatch vcattlecauseceilingcelebratecellcentralcentre ncenturyce

15、remonycertain adj, determiner chain nchair nchance nchangecharacterchargechase vcheapcheat vcheckcheek ncheerfulcheesechemicalchemistrychequechestchickenchiefchildchildrenchinchocolatechoice nchoosechurch ncigarettecinemacircle ncircular adjcitizencityclaim vclass nclayclean adj, vclear adj, vclever

16、cliffclimb vclock nclose adj, adv, vclothclothesclothingcloud nclub ncoalcoast ncoat ncoffeecoin ncold adj, ncollar ncollect vcollegecolourcombcombinationcombine vcomecomfortcomfortablecommandcommitteecommon adjcommunicatecommunicationcompanycompare vcomparisoncompetecompetitioncompetitorcomplaincom

17、plaintcompletecompletelycomplicatedcompound ncomputerconcern vconcerningconcertcondition nconfidenceconfidentconfuseconfusingconnectconnectionconsciousconsiderconsistcontaincontainercontinuecontinuouscontract ncontrolconversationcook n, vcopycorncorner ncorrect adj, vcostcottoncoughcould council nco

18、unt vcountry ncountrysidecouragecourse ncourt ncovercow ncrack n, vcrash n, vcrazycream ncreaturecrimecriminalcriticismcriticizecrop ncross n, vcrowdcruelcrush vcrycup ncupboardcurecurlcurrent ncurtain ncurvecustom ncustomercutcycle vDdaily adj, advdamagedancedangerdangerousdarkdate ndaughterdaydead

19、 adjdeal ndeal withdeathdebtdecaydeceivedecidedecisiondecoratedecorationdecreasedeep adjdefeatdefencedefenddefinitedefinitelydegreedelaydeliberate adjdeliberatelydelicatedeliverdemanddepartmentdependdependentdepthdescribe descriptiondesert ndeserve designdesirabledesiredeskdestroydestructiondetail n

20、determinationdetermined developdictionarydie vdifferencedifferentdifficultdifficultydig vdinnerdirectdirectiondirtdirty adjdisappointdisappointingdiscoverdiscoverydiscussdiscussiondisease ndish ndismissdistancedistant dividedo vdoctor ndocument ndog ndollardoordouble adj, v, pre-determiner doubtdown

21、 adv, prepdraw vdrawerdreamdress n, vdrinkdrive n, vdropdrug ndrum ndrunk pastpart, adjdryduck ndull adjduringdust ndutyEeacheagerearearlyearnearth neasteasterneasy adjeateconomicedge neducateeducatededucationeffect neffectiveefforteggeighteitherelbowelect velectionelectricelectricityelectronicelsee

22、mbarrassembarrassingemotionemphasizeemploy vemployeremploymentempty adj, vencloseencourageendenemyenergyengineengineer nenjoyenjoyableenjoymentenoughenterentertainentertainmententrance nenvelopeenvironmentequal adj, nequipmentescapeespeciallyestablisheven adj, adveveningeventevereveryeveryoneeveryth

23、ingeverywhereevilexact adjexactlyexaminationexamineexampleexcellentexcept conj, prep exchangeexciteexcitingexcuseexerciseexistexistenceexpectexpensiveexperienceexplainexplanationexplodeexplosionexplosiveexpress vexpressionextreme adjextremelyeyeFfacefactfactoryfail vfailurefair adjfairlyfaithfaithfu

24、l adjfallfalsefamiliarfamilyfamousfarfarmfarmerfashion nfashionablefast adj, adv fastenfatfather nfault nfavourablefavourite adjfear nfeather nfeature nfeed vfeel vfeeling(s)femalefence nfeverfewfield nfifthfightfigure nfill vfilmfinal adjfinallyfinancialfind vfind outfine adjfinger nfinish vfirefir

25、m adjfirst adj, determinerfishfit adj, vfivefix vflag nflame nflash n, vflat adjfleshflightfloat vfloodfloor nflour nflowflower nfly n, vfoldfollowfondfoodfoot nfootballfor prepforceforeignforeignerforest nforgetforgivefork nformformalformerfortunateforward(s) advfour(th)frame nfreefreedomfreeze vfr

26、equent adjfreshfriendfriendlyfrightenfrighteningfromfront adj, nfruit nfull adjfunfuneralfunnyfur nfurniturefurther adj, advfutureGgain vgame ngarage ngardengas ngategather vgeneral adjgenerallygenerousgentlegentlemangetgiftgirlgive vgladglass adj, ngluego vgoatgodgoldgoodgoodbyegoodsgoverngovernmen

27、tgracefulgradualgraingramgrammargrand adjgrandfathergrandmothergrandparentgrass ngratefulgrave ngreat adjgreengreetgreetinggrey adj, nground ngroup ngrowgrowthguard vguess vguest nguideguiltygun nHhabithairhalfhallhammer nhand nhandlehang vhappen vhappyhardhardlyharmharmfulhathate vhatredhavehehead nhealthhealthyhearheartheatheavenheavy adjheel nheighthellohelphelpfulher(s)hereherselfhide vhigh adj, advhillhimhimse