建筑工程管理给建筑学同学.docx

1、建筑工程管理给建筑学同学（建筑工程管理）给建筑学同学Unit 1（第一讲）本讲主要任务： 科技英语的特点科技英语有四多：一、复杂长句多科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严谨，因此一句话里包含三四个甚至五六分句的， 并非少见，翻译成汉语时，必须按照汉语习惯破成适当数目的分句，才能条理清楚， 避免洋腔洋调。例如：Factories will not buy machines unless they believe that the machines will produce goods that they are able to sell to consumers at a price that will

2、 cover all costs.这是由一个主句和四个从句组成的复杂长句，只有进行必要的语法分析，才能正确理解和译出，现试译如下：除非相信那些机器造出的产品能卖给消费者的价格足够支付所有开销，厂家是不会买那些机器的。也可：要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本，厂家是不会买的。后面的翻译只用 24 个字，比前句的 40 字节约用字 40%，而对原句的基本内容并无多损。可见，只要吃透了原文的结构和内涵，翻译时再在词语上反复推敲提炼，复杂的英语长句也是能够驾驭的。又如：There is an increasing belief in the idea that the “Problem Solving

3、 Attitude” of the engineer must be buttressed not only by technical knowledge and “scientific analysis” but that the engineer must also be aware of economics and psychology， perhaps even more important, that he must understand the world around him.一个长句带三个并列定语从句构成。翻译如下：越来越令人信服的想法是：工程师不仅必须用技术知识和科学分析来加

4、强解决问题的意向，而且也一定要了解经济学和心理学，更为重要的是，他必须懂得周围的环境（世界）。二、被动语态多英语使用被动语态大大多于汉语，如：Juliet was torn between desire to keep Romeo near her and fear for his life, should his presence be deteced.朱丽叶精神上受到折磨，既渴望和罗密欧形影不离，又担心罗密欧万一让人发现， 难免有性命之忧。科技英语更是如此，有三分之一以上用被动句，举例如下：（1）No work can be done without energy.没有能量决不能作功。（2

5、）All sort of necessaries of life can be made of plastics.各种生活必需品都能用塑料制造。（ 3） All business decisions must now be made in the light of the market.所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。（ 4） Automobiles may be manufactured with computer-driven robots or put together almost totally by hand.汽车可以由计算机操纵的机器人来制造，或者几乎全部用手工装配。上边的四

6、个例子都用被动语态，可注意译成汉语时候都没有用被动语态，以便符合汉语传统规范。例（4）的并列后句其谓语本应是 may be put together，put 是过去分词，由于修辞学上避免用词重复而出现的要求，省略了 may be，所以并非现在时， 而是被动语态。科技英语之所以多用被动语态，为的是强调所论述的客观事物，以突出其重要性， 因而常常使用被动语态。三、非谓语动词多英语的每个简单句中，只能用一个谓语动词，如果谈到几个动作，就必须选出主要动作当谓语，而将其余动作用非谓语动词形式表达才能符合英语语法要求。非谓语动词有三种形式：动名词；分词（过去分词和现在分词）和不定式。（1）要成为名副其实的

7、内行，需要学到老。To be a true professional(不定式) requires（谓语） lifelong learning（动名词）（2）把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。Heating(动名词) water does not change its chemical composition.（ 3） 任何具有重量并且占有空间的东西都是物质。Matter is anything having(现在分词) weight and occupying(现在分词) space.（4）这门学科为人所知的两大分支是无机化学和有机化学。The two great divisions of th

8、is science known(过 去分词) are inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry.四、词性转换多英语单词有不少是多性词，即既是名词又可用做动词、形容词、介词或者副词， 字形无殊，功能各异，含义也迥不相同，如不细查，就可能出错。例如：1）above介词：above all things 首先，最重要的是形容词：for the above reason 由于上述理由副词：As（has been）indicated above 如上所述2)light名词：(启发)in (the) light of 由于，根据（光）high light（s）

9、强光，精华（灯）safety light 安全指示灯形容词：（轻）light industry 轻工业（明亮）light room 明亮的房间（淡）light blue（薄）light coating 薄涂层动词：（点燃）light the lamp副词：（轻快）travel light 轻装旅行（容易）light come，light go 来得容易去得快capital goods space rocket补充名词名誉教授 emeritus professor 荣誉教授 honorary professor 客座教授 visiting professor导师 adviser, tutor,

10、supervisor博士导师 doctoral advisor 讲师 lecturer/instructor 助教 assistant实习老师 practice teacher班主任 head teacher/class teacher在职委陪生 in-service trainee校长 president系主任 director/dean教研主任 head of teaching and research group正教授 full professor副教授 associate professor院士 academician研究员 research fellow副研究员 associate

11、research fellow高工 senior engineer董事长 chairman of the Board of Directors总经理 president董事 director常务董事 managing director科长 section chief职员 staff大学生心理卫生 Mental Health for College Students法律基础 fundamentals of law 政策与法律 Policy and Laws 形势与政策 Current AffairsSituation and Policy房地产管理与评估 Real Estate Manageme

12、nt and Valuation阴影与透视 shadow and perspective色彩 color（painting）建筑力学 Mechanics of BuildingBuilding mechanics and structure Building mechanicsBasic Theory of building mechanics 中国建筑史 History of Chinese Architecture 计算机辅助设计 Computer-Aided Design建筑结构 Building Structure建筑构图原理 Principles of Architectural C

13、omposition室内设计 Interior Design城市规划原理 Principles of Urban Planning建筑美学 Architectural Aesthetics建筑防火 Fire Prevention and Safety for Building建筑施工 Building Construction建筑物理 Architectural Physics Electricity（电）Optics（光）Pyrology（热工）Heat（热学） Acoustics（声学）建筑设备 Building Engineering Systems Intelligent Buildi

14、ng EquipmentElectrical 电 Lighting 电气 Plumbing（给水）Heating（供热） 建筑选型 Specifications for building城市空间结构组织 Research on Urban Spatial Form 城市形态研究建筑设计 Architecture Design及表现 presentation及构造 construction及理论 theory中文名称英文名称民用建筑设计原理Principles of Design in Civil Building小建筑设计Architectural Project Design住宅建筑设计Re

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16、ectural Design (3)建筑设计（4）Architectural Design (4)建筑设计（5）Architectural Design (5)建筑设计(工业)Architectural Design for IndustryBuilding建筑设计(民用)Architectural Design for Civil Building建筑设计表现基础Principle of Architectural Presentation建筑设计初步Introduction to Architectural Design建筑设计方法概论Methodology of Architectura

17、l Design建筑设计方法论Methodology of Architectural Design建筑设计方法论导论Methodology of Architectural Design建筑设计概论Principals of Architecture Design建筑设计基础Fundamentals of Architectural Design建筑设计基础 (1)Fundamentals of Architectural Design(1)建筑设计基础 (2)Fundamentals of Architectural Design(2)建筑设计基础 (3)Fundamentals of A

18、rchitectural Design(3)建筑设计基础 (4)Fundamentals of Architectural Design(4)建筑设计及表现Architectural Design and Presentation建筑设计及构造Architectural Design and Construction建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory建筑设计及原理Architectural Design and Principles建筑设计及原理(二)Architectural Design and Principles (2)建筑设计及原理(三)A

19、rchitectural Design and Principles (3)建筑设计及原理(四)Architectural Design and Principles (4)建筑设计及原理(一)Architectural Design and Principles (1)建筑设计技术概论Principles of Architecture DesignTechnology建筑设计课程设计Architectural Design Studio建筑设计任务Architectural Design Mission建筑设计实践Architectural Practice建筑设计与表现Architect

20、ure Design and Presentation建筑设计原理Principles of Architectural Design建筑设计原理(二)Principles of Architectural Design (2)建筑设计原理(六)Principles of Architectural Design (6)建筑设计原理(七)Principles of Architectural Design (7)建筑设计原理(三)Principles of Architectural Design (3)建筑设计原理(四)Principles of Architectural Design (

21、4)建筑设计原理(五)Principles of Architectural Design (5)建筑设计原理(一)Principles of Architectural Design (1)建筑设计原理及表现Architectural Design Principles andPresentation建筑设计原理与建筑设计Architectural Design and Principles建筑设计院实习Internship in Architectural DesigningInstitute建筑设计作业Architectural Design Studio居住建筑设计Design of

22、Residential Building喷锚及地下建筑设计施工Design and Construction of UndergroundStructure软土地下建筑设计与施工Underground Building Design andConstrution in Soft Soils岩石地下建筑设计Underground Building Design in Rock建筑设计与室内设计Architectural Design and InteriorDesign认识实习 Understanding Practice城市认识实习 Investigation of Urban Structu

23、re园林景观实习 Cognition Practice of Landscape Architecture 生产实习 Specialized Practice （Production Practice） 课程设计 Course Design for 。课程作业 Coursework for 。毕业设计 Graduate project for bachelor degree Graduation DesignDesign for Diploma毕业论文 Graduation Thesis素描 Sketch中文名称英文名称美术实习(素描)Fine Arts Workshop (Freehand

24、Drawing)美术素描Freehand Drawing设计素描Design Sketch素描Sketch素描及水彩Freehand Drawing and Water Colour素描实习Sketching Practice素描与色彩Sketch and Color地质素描Geologic Sketch地质素描和摄影Geology Sketch and Photograph美术(素描)Fine Arts (Sketch)计算机基础 Introduction to Computer Science Fundamentals of Computer马克思主义哲学原理 Marxist Philos

25、ophyPrinciples of Marxism建筑构造 Principles of Building Construction Architectural Construction中文名称英文名称建筑构造Principles of Building Construction建筑构造(基本二)Building Construction (Basic 1)建筑构造(基本一)Building Construction (Basic 2)建筑构造(特殊)Building Construction (Specialty)建筑构造及装修Building Construction and Fit-up建

26、筑构造与设计Building Construction and Design建筑构造原理Principles of Building Construction营销心理学 Marketing Psychology建筑材料 Building（construction） Materials中文名称英文名称道路建筑材料Road Construction Materials高分子建筑材料Polymer Building Materials建筑材料Building Materials建筑材料分析Analysis？of？Building？Materials建筑材料概论Introduction to Buil

27、ding Materials建筑材料工程系Department of Building MaterialsEngineering建筑材料机械Building Materials Machinery建筑材料科学基础Fundamentals of Building MaterialsScience建筑材料实验Building Materials Experiment建筑材料系Department of Building Materials建筑材料新进展Progress of Building Materials建筑材料学Building Materials Science特种建筑材料Special

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29、or Animation andCartoon美术史 History of Fine Arts邓小平理论概论 An Introduction to Deng Xiaoping Theory中国古典园林 Classical Chinese Ancient Garden中文名称英文名称城市园林绿地规划设计Urban Green Planning & Design城市园林绿地认识实践Practical Training of Urban GreenKnowledge城市园林绿地系统Urban Green Space System城市园林绿化规划Urban Green Space Planning风景

30、园林Landscape Architecture风景园林建筑工程Landscape Architectural Engineering风景园林教学实习Landscape Architectural EducationPractical Training日本园林Japanese Landscape外国园林史History of World Landscape Architecture园林Garden园林测绘实习Practical Training of LandscapeArchitecture Survey园林分析Landscape Analysis园林工程Landscape Engineering园林工程（下）Landscape Engineering (2)园林工程学Landscape Engineering园林古典文学Classical Literature on LandscapeArchitecture园林规划设计Landscape Planning & Design园林规划设计（二）Landscape Planning & Design (2)园林