The attributive clause 2.docx

1、The attributive clause 2个 性 化 教 学 设 计 教 案授课时间：2015 年 月 日 备课时间：2015 年 月 日年级： 学科：英语 课时：2学生姓名： 课题名称定语从句2 授课教师：赵金龙教学目标掌握关系代词与关系副词的区别；掌握定语从句中关系代词的特殊用法教学重点教学难点关系代词&关系副词的选择设计意图通过翻译句子掌握句子结构教学过程由关系副词（when/where/why）引导的定语从句关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，如果在从句中作状语，此时要选择关系副词。此时，关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ o

2、n/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、定语从句中谓语动词为及物动词。确定是否_主语和宾语都齐全_。如_齐全_，证明从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以，用关系副词，即先行词在从句中作状语。用什么关系副词看_先行词_。例：I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star. 主句：I will never forget the day。我永远不会忘记那一天。 从句：I met my favorite star on the

3、 day.我在那一天见到了我最喜欢的明星。 =I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.对比：I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 主句：I will never forget the days。我永远不会忘记那些天。 从句：We spent the days together.我们一起度过那些天。（the days在从句中作宾语）I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).Jur

4、assic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps different Kinds of dinosaurs).1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film).Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).Morning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud).Do you remember the lake _ (you first met you

5、r girlfriend.）2、定语从句中谓语动词为不及物动词。若从句无_主语_，则用_关系代词_；若有主语，则用_关系副词_，即先行词在从句中作状语。例1：This was the time when he arrived.解析： 主句：This was the time.这就是那个时间。 从句：He arrived at the time.他在那个时间到达。（the time在从句作状语） =This was the time at which he arrived.例2：This is the factory where he works. 主句：This is the factory。

6、这就是那家工厂。 从句：He works in the factory.他在那家工厂上班。（the factory在从句中作状语）=This is the factory in which he works.对比：This is the factory that my father built last year.主句：This is the factory。这就是那家工厂。从句：My father built the factory last year.我爸爸去年建了这家工厂(the factory在从句中作宾语)Yesterday we went to visit the house _

7、(the great writer used to live).The house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.My father was born in the year _ (the Second World War broke out).3、如定语从句中先行词是时间、地点名词，且谓语结构是 被动结构 ，有主语 ，则用_关系副词_。Kunming is a beautiful place _ (flowers are seen all the year round).October 1st is the day _

8、(new China was founded).4. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. =Nobody knows the reason for which he is often late for school.注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star

9、.【when】Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】注意：当先行词为point, situation, case，stage时定语从句可用where引导1. The media can draw attention to situation where help is needed.2.We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights.3.Today, well dis

10、cuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.4.We are just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.考点二：that和which的选择(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。当先行词为_everything,anything,nothing(something),all,none,few,little

11、,some等不定代词_时。All _ can be done has been done.I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.There is little _ the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行词被_every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰_修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you gave me.先行词是_形容词最高级修饰或被序数词修饰_时。This is the best book _ Ive ever read.This i

12、s the first composition _ he has written in English.先行词被_thevery,theonly修饰_修饰时。That white flower is the only one _ I really like.This is the very book _ I want to find. 当有_人又有物_时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.先行词是疑问词_who,which等疑问代词_时，定语从句

13、用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 当关系代词在从句中作_表语_时。Mary is no longer the girl _ she used to be.China is no longer the country _ it used to be.（2）不能用that的

14、情况：非限定性定语从句中，关系代词可用which/who/whom，which/whom可用于介词后，其先行词可是_一个词_,也可是_整个主句或主句的一部分_。1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. It考点三：as与which引导的定语从句1、 如果定

15、语放主句后，即可用_as也可用which_.He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural.She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.2、如果从句在主句前，这时_as_引导定语从句。_we all know, his parents were killed in the war._we all know, the earth is round.3.用于_the sameas,s

16、uchas，asas, soas_中，一般用as。Such books _ you tell me are interesting.This is the same book _ I lent you yesterday.Here is so big a stone _ no man can lift.4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made gr

17、eat progress, which made us happy.5. 如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which. He came back late, which made his mother worried.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼6.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that

18、/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。考点四：关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与_先行词的逻辑关系_。Is that the newspaper _ you often write articles?2. 根据从句中_动词或形容词_的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _ Im sure.3. 根据_先行词与介词_的搭配习惯。1949 was the year_ the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行

19、词的一部分时，可用“_数词/代词 + of + 关系代词_”的结构。There are 50 students in our class, _ have been to Beijing.我们班有50个学生，三分之二去过北京。 注意区别：The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.The old man has three sons and two of them are doctors.5. Whose从句可转换为“ the+n. +of +which或of +which+n.”型。They live in a house, the

20、door _ opens to the south.=They live in a house, _ door opens to the south.Aof which B. whose C. which of D. which 6.关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=_in/on/at+which_, where=_in/on/at+which_, why=_for+which_，介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在_关系代词之前_，有时放在_在动词之后_。I wont forget the date _I was born.This is th

21、e room _ I lived. = This is the room _I lived in.I dont know the reason _ he hasnt come today.Tom still remembers the days _they lived in Tianjin.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替？The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.The pen (_ she wrote that book) can no

22、w be seen in a museum.The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.Kunming is a beautiful place _ (flowers are seen all the year round).I will never forget the day _ I first met you on the ship.结论 只有当_介词+关系代词_充当_地点状语、时间状语或原因状语_时，才能用关系副词代替。7.当介词与名词、代词构成介词短语时，可放到which前；若介词与不及物动词构成固定搭配，则不可提前。Eg: This is t

23、he girl whom I have to take care of. This is the girl whom I want to watch a movie with. =This is the girl with whom I want to watch a movie.关系副词在从句中作状语（主谓宾齐全）实例展示 Do you still remember the days when we stayed together ? This is the place where he had a good time. I dont know the reason why he wont

24、join us . The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.仿写练习1. 我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。（when / on which ）_2. 他伤心的原因是他输了比赛。（reason）_3. 他说他永远不会忘记他们第一次见面的时刻。（the moment）_4. 我们上到屋顶，从那里我们可以欣赏到这个城市的美景。（where , have a good view of ）_5. 你现在面临的情形是必须马上作决定。（situation）_6. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 （point）_

25、7. 他解释给我们听的那种方法很简单。（the way）_ 8.这就是她曾经上学的学校。 _.9.我永远也不会忘记第一次见到她的那一天。 _10.我永远也不会忘记我们一起度过的那些天。 _. 11.这就是我们曾经工作的地方。 _.12.这就是我们曾经参观过的地方。 _.13.这就是孩子经常来玩耍的公园。 _.14.这个座位永远属于她。_.只能用that 引导的定语从句实例展示 I am sure she was something （that）you can borrow. This is the first book (that )he has read. This is the very

26、book that belongs to him . We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools(that)we had visited there . Who that broke the window will be punished. Nanchang is not the city that it was .仿写练习1. 我读完了你借给我的书。（all ）_2. 你有关这个主题的任何信息都发给我们吧。（any）_3. 他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。（the first）_4. 他不再是以前的他了。（used to be ）_5. 我们老师昨天谈到的那个著名作家和他的作品引起了学生极大的兴趣。（arouse great interest among）_只能用which 引导的定语从句实例展示 I love the house around which