交际文化在商务活动中的应用学位论文.docx

1、交际文化在商务活动中的应用学位论文摘 要通过讨论在不同文化环境下, 国际商务活动呈现的差异, 从微观的角度分析文化差异在人际交流、商务洽谈、管理风格、商务决策和企业结构等方面对国际商务交流的影响。有效地克服交际障碍是跨文化交际取得成功的关键。这对促进国际间的文化、政治、经济交流有着极其重要的意义。有效的商务沟通往往依赖于对不同文化和文化差异的理解与适应, 依赖于对可能出现的文化差异的良好判断和方略调整。因此, 对国际商务交流活动中文化差异的影响的研究具有重大意义。关键词：国际商务活动; 交际文化; 影响Table of ContentsAbstract i摘 要 ii1. Introducti

2、on 12. The Definition of Cross-cultural Communication 32.1 Hofstedes theory of value dimension 32.2 Halls high-context and low-context 32.3 Understanding communicative culture differences 32.3.1 Orientation difference 42.3.2 Individualism vs. collectivism 42.3.3 Sino-foreign modes of thinking differ

3、ence 52.3.4 Sino-foreign etiquette difference 63. Different Behavior and Reasons in the Same Business Situation 73.1 Business culture communication issue 73.1.1 The conflicts in the area of decision-making 73.1.2 Indirect communication and direct communication 73.1.3 Sources of conflicts 73.1.4 Case

4、 study 83.2 The application and effect of communication culture on business contract 83.3 The application and effect of communication culture on business decision-making 93.3.1 The conflicts in the area of decision-making 93.3.2 Power distance issue 113.4 The application and effect of communication

5、culture on management style 113.4.1 Cross-culture management style 113.4.2 Values orientation in HRM 114.The Strategy of Communicative Culture in International Business Activities 135. Conclusion 14References 15Acknowledgements 16The 21st century is the world economy and culture of the century, the

6、rapid development of the international communication and business contacts increasingly frequent. Intercultural communication has become inevitable reality. People of different backgrounds, walk to arrive together, and communication must arise obstacles. Timely and effectively overcome these communi

7、cative barriers cross-cultural communication is the key to success. Effective business communication often relies on the different culture and cultural differences of understanding and adapts, relies on possible cultural differences of good judgment and strategy adjustment. Therefore, the internatio

8、nal business communication activity of cultural differences affect research is of great significance. 1. IntroductionCommunication culture in international business activities of research at home and abroad, the foreign began in the 1970s, and has been rapidly development in recent decades, with the

9、 momentum of the surge in international business communication, study the issue still exists vast space. In 1976, Destler，Sato, Clapp and other business negotiations in the US-Japan cultural differences cause different results of such studies opened the first of its kind. In the 1980s, Fisher in its

10、 classic! The international negotiations, pointed out: “the greater the cultural differences, communication barriers and misunderstandings that occur the greater the possibility” (GRICEH P.1975 (3) ：41-58). In the 1990s, from the perspective of cross-cultural research culture on the role of internat

11、ional business communication activities become more deeply and widely. Cultural diversity of business activities, Trompenaars ever universalism and unique socialist and individualism and community socialism, neutral main tendency and emotional tendencies, special type culture and the extensive type

12、culture, achievement orientation and belonging to guide, time of continuous and meanwhile aspects to illustrate. In the early 21st century, this book has been increasing. Study in foreign countries already from culture is the factors affecting international business development to how culture influe

13、nce international business communication and the effects of the aspects.This aspect of the domestic research starts although late, but in a few short years also appears many achievements. ZhaoXiang in the multicultural context of cross-cultural communication and management background, discuss cultur

14、e in commercial contract, business negotiation and business etiquette, explain the differences between learning and using the related knowledge and skills, reduce or eliminate due to cultural differences and cause misunderstanding, friction and conflict, to effectively engaged in international busin

15、ess activities, has very important practical significance. Communicative behavior, YangQian and HuChunFeng(2006) analyze three kinds of non-verbal communication (visual, gestures, facial expressions of the cultural differences and the international business negotiation), discusses the application of

16、 non-verbal communication in cross-cultural communication of importance. ZhaoYao in linguistics branch pragmatics of important concepts - context as a starting point, from communicative context, language context and cultural context three cross-cultural communication, using adaptation of context fac

17、tors theory explanation cross-cultural background of the communicator in communication process how to conduct context adaptation, in order to achieve successful cross-cultural communication.( 2006 ( 3) : 108 110) Business English teaching are discussed, LiuSenLin(2005) international business negotia

18、tion of English teaching characteristic, define the scope of teaching, this paper discusses international negotiations business English teaching development trend and direction, and pointed out the business negotiations in the English teaching professional teachers training, original authentic busin

19、ess negotiations imaging teaching material selection of aspects needed to resolve some problems.2. The Definition of Cross-cultural CommunicationIntercultural communication refers to communication among people whose cultural backgrounds are different from each other. There are several types of it, i

20、ncluding inter-race communication (whichis among different races), inter-nationality communication (which isamong different nationalities) and inter-group communications (which is among different group of people of the same mainstream culture or same ethnic culture). The cultural knowledge whicheffe

21、cts the communicationin inter-group communication due to the cultural difference of people is called communicative culture.There are two important theories about cultural patterns in intercultural communication. One is Halls theory of High-context and Low-context Orientation. The other is Hofstedes

22、theory of Value Dimensions.2.1 Hofstedes theory of value dimensionHofstede apply “value”(the Value Survey Module) Survey respondents for IBM presided over twice investigation and data collected in statistical analysis, finally isolated contrast Values of four value dimensions, namely the individuali

23、sm and collectivism; power distance; Uncertainty avoidance; Masculine and feminine. People from different cultures, showing the attitudes, ideas, beliefs, and behavior of the differences in these four dimensions reflected, and has formed understand certain social norms foundation.2.2 Halls high-cont

24、ext and low-contextHall with high context and low context orientation theory to explain the individual implicit information depends on: “high -text communication refers to the exchange process implicit meaning more, clear coding information transmitted less; low context exchange opposite, the vast m

25、ajority of information should pass clear coding relay.”( HALLET, HALLMR.1990: 6) Specifically, in high -text culture, people are more willing to indirect, good tactfully, veiled exchanges, meaning often contained in information, need to be understood by reasoning, straightforward considered brusque

26、and unwelcome. They are of nonverbal expression than low sensitivity of high -text culture. They think the eyes, expression, action, or even silence can express in language cannot express meaning. They try to avoid direct conflict with hints, usually express dissatisfaction. In the course of the exc

27、hange, they almost never say directly. 2.3 Understanding communicative culture differencesOne of the keys for any company competing in the global marketplace is to understand the diverse cultures of the individuals involved. Whether managing culturally diverse individuals within a single location or

28、 managing individuals at remote locations around the globe, an appreciation of the differences among cultures is crucial.2.3.1 Orientation differenceCulture also differs in time orientation; that is, whether the cultures values are oriented toward the future (long-term orientation). In china, cultur

29、es with a long-term orientation, values such as thrift and persistence, which focus on the future, are emphasized. In Russia, the orientation is short-term. Values such as respect for tradition (past) and meeting social obligations (present) are emphasized.(i). Time Norms regarding punctuality diffe

30、r significantly from country to country. In the Unite States people tend to be very time-conscious. Conscientious Americans arrive a few minutes late .In many other countries attitudes toward time are very different. It is not necessarily a breach of etiquette to arrive a little late for a business

31、appointment; indeed, it might be considered impolite to arrive early .As for dinner invitations, arriving on time ma be very bad manners. In Great Britain, for example, when someone says, “Come for dinner at seven”, what they mean is, “Come between 7:30 and 8:00,”The guest who arrives at 7:00 is lik

32、ely to find an unprepared and embarrassed host. Similarly, when an Argentinean says “Come for dinner anytime after eight,” what they mean is, “Do not come at 8:00; that would be far too early”.(ii). Gift giving The norms of gift giving also vary significantly from country to country. In Great Britain for example, when invited to someones home for dinner it is not necessary to bring a gift, but it is polite to offer to bring a bottle of wine they would like. In contrast, in Japan it is considered rude not to bring a gift when invited to someones home, a