高考英语语法专题 第二部分.docx

1、高考英语语法专题 第二部分考点一名词.语法填空考点聚焦考向1名词的单复数1The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国)答案days解析few用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days每隔几天。2Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we

2、 take short breaks regularly.(2016全国)答案studies解析根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。3Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.(2016四川)答案enemies解析句意为：任何气味都可能引来天敌它们会吃掉熊猫宝宝的。天敌不止一个，故用复数形式enemies。4Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mount

3、ain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting)(2015全国)答案paintings解析many用于修饰可数名词复数，故填该名词的复数形式paintings。考向2词形变换之名词1Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attrac

4、t)(2016全国)答案attraction解析空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式。2Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve)(2016全国)答案achievement解析介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。3Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influen

5、ced the (develop) of chopsticks.(2016全国)答案development解析空前有冠词，此处应用名词作动词的宾语。4In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国)答案ability解析形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。.短文改错考点聚焦(每

6、小题1处错误)考向1形容词或动词与名词词性混淆1My uncle tells me that the key to his success is.(2016全国)解析考查名词作表语。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。2This made for the in the porcelain industry.(2013新课标全国)解析定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。3He has ruined his.(2013辽宁)解析在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。考向2不可数名词与可数名词单复数形式错误1If we go on

7、a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain we cannot get from books.(2016全国)解析knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。2The teenage from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国)解析此处指1319 岁的年龄，故用复数。3Mom has a fulltime job，but she has to do most of the.(2016四川)解析housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。4The we breathe i

8、n is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国)解析由后面的定语从句we breathe in可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。5As I told you last time，I made three new here.(2015四川)解析名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。6My old classroom was interesting because three of the classroom were made of glass

9、.(2015浙江)解析前面有three修饰，故side要用复数形式sides。考向3修饰词的使用错误1. rare animals are dying out.(2015全国)解析animals为可数名词复数形式，所以用many修饰；much只能修饰不可数名词。故将Much改为Many。2We dont need to do so homework.(2014新课标全国)解析homework是不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用much不用many。考向4名词所有格的使用错误When I finally arrived at my he lent me lots of clothes.(2011新课标

10、全国)解析根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(my friends)时，他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为friends。考点二形容词.语法填空考点聚焦考向1词形变换之形容词1She was a very (care) mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.(2016四川)答案carin

11、g/careful解析空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词。care的形容词是caring(照料他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。2As (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国)答案natural解析修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。3While there are (1) (amaze) stori

12、es of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be (2) (patience)(2014新课标全国)答案(1)amazing(2)patient解析(1)此处用形容词修饰名词stories。amaze的形容词有两个：amazing令人惊讶的，令人吃惊的，一般主语为物；amazed吃惊的，惊奇的，一般主语为人。修饰物(stories)当然用amazing。

13、(2)此处用形容词作be的表语。名词patience(耐心)的形容词形式是patient(有耐心的)。4There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)(2014新课标全国)答案disappointed解析本句的主语是some of them，此处and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxious可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用disappointed表示“他们中有些人感到失望”。5I cannot control my body

14、well.My legs become (pain)(2014辽宁)答案painful解析become是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语。名词pain的形容词形式是painful。考向2形容词的比较等级1If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.(2016全国)答案greater解析根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。2Finally，that hard wor

15、k paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.(2014新课标全国)答案cleaner解析从后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1副词与形容词词性混淆1At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be from them.(2016全国)解析此处应用形容词作表语。2Lots of studies have shown that global war

16、ming has already become a very problem.(2015全国)解析名词前应该用形容词作定语。故seriously应改为serious。3I thought the biscuits were really.(2015陕西)解析本句句意为：我认为饼干真的很好。good作形容词，意为“好的”，而well作形容词意为“健康的，适宜的”。由句意可知此处应用good。4The teachers here are kind and.(2014新课标全国)解析由and连接两个并列成分可知，helpful与kind为形容词作表语。考向2形容词的比较等级的使用错误1They we

17、re also the best and years in my life.(2016全国)解析与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。2The dishes that I cooked were Moms.(2016四川)解析favorite没有比较级和最高级。3My mum makes the biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西)解析后面有表示范围的in the world，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。考向3名词或动词与形容词词性混淆1The fruits are small

18、in size，but juicy and.(2014新课标全国)解析句中的small，juicy与taste并列，所以应该都用形容词，故将taste改为tasty。2I noticed that the carriage was and filled with people.(2014浙江) 解析由and连接两个并列成分， 词性要一致，及后面的filled可知，要将noise改为noisy。考点三副词.语法填空考点聚焦考向1修饰动词(短语)的副词1From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be (official)

19、given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016全国)答案officially解析修饰谓语动词应当用副词。2Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016全国)答案gradually解析此处应用副词修饰动词。3The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to stu

20、dy a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016四川)答案recently解析空格处修饰动词短语had a chance，应用副词。recent的副词是recently。4Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国)答案regularly解析空格处修饰谓语动词arrange，要用其副词形式。故填re

21、gularly。5Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.(2015全国)答案 slowly解析由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。6The river was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned.(2014新课标全国)

22、答案actually解析空格处修饰动词caught和burned，故用副词形式actually。7Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014新课标全国)答案suddenly解析由空格后面的动词became可知，此处应用sudden的副词形式来修饰动词，因此填suddenly。考向2修饰句子以及修饰形容词的副词1He owned a farm，which looked al

23、most abandoned. (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015广东)答案Luckily解析句意为：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是，这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。2When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was (surprise) helpful.(2014广东)答案surprisingly解析此处是动词转换为副词。helpful为形容词，要由副词来修饰。surprise先转换成形容词sur

24、prising，再转换成副词surprisingly。考向3副词的比较等级1After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(2014广东)答案earlier解析由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。2The (hard) you try to beat him，the

25、 more likely you will get hit.(2014辽宁)答案harder解析这里是“the比较级.，the比较级.”句式，表示“越就越”。故填harder。.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1形容词与副词词性混淆1Instead，he hopes that his business will grow.(2016全国)解析修饰谓语动词用副词。2Dad and I were worried.(2015全国)解析worried为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以将terrible改为terribly。3On the lefthand side of the

26、class，I could see the football field.(2015浙江)解析修饰动词see要用副词，故将easy改为easily。考向2易混淆副词的错用1When I was a very young child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years.(2016浙江)解析late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“时间以后”。故late改成later。2Nearly five years，and with the help of our father，my

27、 sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(2014新课标全国)解析相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before改为ago。3As a result，the plants are growing.(2014新课标全国)解析somewhere意为“某处”，而句意为“植物到处生长”，故somewhere应改为everywhere。考向3特殊结构中的副词错用He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into th

28、e shop.(2015全国)解析此处为so.that.句式，所以much前用副词so修饰。故删除very。一、名词、形容词和副词在语法填空中的考查在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词形变换；形容词和副词相关的词形变换以及形容词和副词的比较等级考查较为频繁。应对策略1首先要弄清名词的数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词形变换。2作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾语补足语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词化，其形容词的形式有：ing结尾的和ed 结尾的两种。3若括号中所给的是形容

29、词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the比较级.，the比较级.，“否定词(cant/couldnt)比较级”表示最高级等。二、名词、形容词和副词在短文改错中的考查短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格；其次名词的考查还会涉及词形变换方面的错误。对于形容词和副词的考查主要涉及词性混乱或错用(含ed形容词与ing形容词之间的误用)、修饰词错用或多余以及比较等级的误用等方面。应对策略1遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要

30、注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。2对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词；(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词；(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more；(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。专题1名词名词的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人或物的名词集体名词表示若干个人或物的名词不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词抽象名词表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽象概念的名词专有名词表示洲、国、地、人名等表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称名词的核心考点1可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂)。(2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，g