非谓语动词专项复习.docx

1、非谓语动词专项复习I. 非谓语动词的种类不定式（to do）、 动名词（ doing）、现在分词（doing）、 过去分词（V-ed）II. 非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.非谓语动词：不定式整体把握：动词不定式在句中作除谓语以外的所有成分： 和 。高考主要考查不定式的句法功能，不定式的否定，省略to的不定式，不

2、定式的完成式及其被动形式，不定式的主动表示被动，不定式的复合结构等内容。主动被动一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing 一. _(帮助你) is my duty._(精通一门外语) is not easy.或 Its not hard for one to do a bit of good. Its stupid of you to make such a mistake. My wish is _(当一名医生) 问题是如何把它付诸实践。The question is _.She doesnt

3、know _(是去还是留).I dont think _ right _(考试作弊).She wanted (借我的字典)小结：1.动词不定式可以作_ _ 和_ 2.能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有:want like manage hope try offer start learn agree decide plan afford promise pretend refuse expect/hope/wish等 3疑问词+ to do作宾语，还可作主语和表语。常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discus

4、s, learn, explain know, show, discover, understand Note:在一些复合宾语中常使用it代替不定式短语作形式宾语，把不定式放在宾语补足语的后面，构成“主语+find(feel think believe make)+it+形容词/名词+to do sth” 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 3.We think _ important _ obey the law.二. 1. He _(警告) me _ _ _(认真点).2. Mothertoldme_co

5、mebackbefore10oclock. 3.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 4. Whatcausedhim_changehismind.5.Ioftenhearthem (sing)thissong. 6She is often heard _(唱) in her room.【注意】 谓语动词为五看二听一感三让_等时，不定式须将_省去。 但当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”小结：1.动词不定式可作_ 2.接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：advise allow permit forbid ask beg pers

6、uade invite expect warn advise order encourage require等。三. I _(有好多工作要做).This is the best way _(帮助困在暴风雪中的人).Who is the first person _(登上月球)?He was the best man (做这项工作). I have no chance (出国)6） This is a good place _(居住).7） I need a pen to (写字)小结：1.动词不定式可作_, 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词_面 2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的

7、名词或代词时不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面带有相应的介词。 3.不定式作定语时，如果句中含有不定式的逻辑主语或由介词引出不定式的逻辑主语时，常用主动语态表示被动意义。如 I have a letter (打印) There is a meeting for us (参加) 4 .Compare the two sentences Have you anything to send?-不定式动作执行者是你 Have you anything to be sent?-不定式动作执行者是我或别人四、1. She reads China Daily every day _(为了提高英语口语)._

8、(为了掌握一门外语), one must work hard at it.小结：不定式作_表示_，还可以用词组_.2. He hurried to the post office, _(结果发现) it was closed.小结：不定式作_表示_，经常和_连用3 The ice is hard enough to walk on. _.My eyesight is too poor to read such small letters._ 4.原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to doIm very sorry to see you.He was afraid to live alon

9、e五、独立结构1. _(说实话), I dont agree with you.2. _(更糟糕的是), it began to rain.类似结构还有：首先_坦白地说_六、动词不定式的各种时态形式的区别：1. I am sorry to _ you waiting for such a long time. A. keep B. have kept 2. The book is said_into many languages, but I dont know which is the most popular. A. to translate B. having been translat

10、ed C. to have been translated D. to be translated3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented小结：不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词_1. Mary seems _ when I came in. A. crying B. to cry C. to be crying D. cry2. The child pretended_(

11、sleep) when the nurse called him.小结：不定式的进行式表示动作_, 且与谓语动词_1. The meeting_(held) tomorrow is of_(重要)2. The highway_(修建) next year_(在我们城市的建设中将起重要作用)小结：不定式的一般式作定语时表_并且不定式的被动形式表示不定式和逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。如1.This painting is said to (被一个小女孩画的) 2. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (翻译)七、动词不定式的一些固定短语

12、及句型句式 1. He would take the slowest train_ by air. A. rather than going B. rather than go C. rather go D. or rather go 2. The enemy had no choice but_ their arms and_. A. lie down; give in B. lay down; give in C. to lay down; give in D. to lie down; to give in 3. Paul does nothing but _ all day long.

13、A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 4. I prefer to (我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去)小结：不定式在介词but后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do或do的其他形式，则其后接不带to的不定式，即“带do不带to” 八、动词不定式的省略 1. I dont mind whether it is convenient for me. You may go with me if you_. A. like to B. like to go C. like D. like going 2. - Would you like to come to dinn

14、er tonight? - Id like to,_ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but 3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to小结：小结：为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后：hope want expect mean try forget wish prefer;或出现在be gald/happy, wo

15、uld like/ love等后面。如果省略的不定式结构中含有be have have been, 这些词要保留。 九动词不定式的主动表被动 1.The book is difficult （理解）2. English is easy （学习）句型S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting comfortable等 +to do【不定式专项练习】 一 单项选择：1. It is better to lose ones life than_A. to have lost ones spirit B. losing ones spirit B. t

16、o lose ones spirit C. lost ones spirit2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only_ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 3. Jackie was made_ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. to be washing 4. Peter wont drive us to the station.

17、 He has_ to take us all.A. a very small car B. too small a car C. a too small car D. such a small car 5. They seemed to be _ to leave, which I took notice of.A. so anxious B. very anxious C. too anxious D. much anxious 6. The lost child desired nothing but_ home.A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Ja

18、net is easy _.A. for getting along with B. by getting along with C. to get along with D. got along with 8. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here.A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 9. - You ought to have called Helen yesterday. - Yes, I know I_ A. ought B. ought to C. ought to have D.

19、should 10. Dont forget _ the light when you leave.A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off二 单句改错 1. In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day. 2. It was very kind of you to buy us so much fruit and seeing us off at the station. 3. My job is send them to the power station ev

20、ery day. 4. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter dont drive after drinking. 5. The old man didnt know whether to sell the car or keeping it for later use.非谓语动词：动名词动名词与现在分词形式相同。主动被动一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done动名词主要考查：动名词与不定式作宾语的区别，动名词的复合结构，否定式，时态与语态，某些词后只能跟动名词的用法等。（一）动名词的基本用法：一、 1._

21、(read) aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2. Its no use/ good _(wait) here. 小结：作_ 句型It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/money + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。二、 1. My hobby is _(集邮).2. His job is _(洗衣做饭). 小结：作_且动名词作表语表示主语的内容，主语和表语可互换位置。三、 1. When he came in, we all stopped _(说话).

22、2. Are you fond of _(dance)?3. The book is _ worth _(read) 小结：作_ 你知道其他的词或词组吗？1. admit appreciate avoid advise allow consider(考虑) delay deny dislike enjoy escape finish forbid imagine keep keep on mind miss（错过） practice risk resist suggest quit fancy 等动词。2. be used to （习惯于）object to （反对）get down to,

23、cant help（情不自禁） give up feel like insist on look forward to put off devote to succeed in be busy inhave difficulty /trouble have a good/wonderful/hard time等动词短语。下列短语中的to 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词look forward to, be familiar to, oweto, turn to, be equal toget down to, attributeto, live up to, in relation to, s

24、tick to be devoted to, owing to, thanks to, object to, be accustomed to lead to be opposed to make contributions to belong to adapt to adjust to see to refer to pay attention to 【注意】1. 下列词既可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，含义不同：remember doing/ to do类似的词还有：_ He forgot paying for the book. 他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了) He forgot to

25、 pay for the book. 他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱) Stop talking.(停止说话) I stopped to talk with Tom.（开始去说话）2. 下列词既可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，意义也差不多： like, _I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？ 3. 下列动词直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾补。即： 4.主动表被动 r

26、equire/want/need + doing/to be done, be worth+doing, be worthy +ofbeing done/to be done 翻译：花园里的花需要浇水了 他的提议值得考虑 四、【看短语】：洗衣机_拐棍_生活条件_ 餐厅_阅读材料_ 小结：作_且动名词作定语，表明所修饰名词的性能、用途、作用等，可换成for引导的短语. a swimming pool= a pool for swimming（二）动名词的复合结构1. There is no question of _ able to finish it himself. A. Tom was B

27、. Toms being C. Toms be D. Tom is2. - What made Betty so upset? - _ A. Lost the key B. Because she lost her key C. Her losing the key D. She losing the key3. _ _(你吸烟) too much will do harm to your health. 4. I dont like_ _(他和我们呆在一起) with us. 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+doing(作主语、宾语)人称代词宾格/名词普通格+doing（作宾语）（三）动名词的时态 & 语态1. We were praised for _ our task a