隐喻.docx

1、隐喻 31隐喻311 动词型。 一些从名词转类或零位派生来的动词含有很强的形象或意象，这是由于原来的名词就是具体的人和事。1 Joint ventures involving Western and Japanese companies often run into conflicts-a multitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles. (21世纪大学英语第三册) 西方和日本公司背景的合资公司经常陷入冲突-无数的小事升级为大的伤感情的斗争。 2 Some priests, nuns and researc

2、hers spend a great deal of time shepherding or observing shopping-bag ladies and are doing what they can to better the life of the lady hermits who are down. 大学英语(第三册)一些牧师、修女和研究者花了大量时间照顾或观察无家可归的购物袋女士，并尽其所能以改善这些贫困的女隐士的生活。 3 I mean all of us. A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to

3、staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege.大学英语(第三册) 我说的是所有人。一批赤裸裸的动物，视活命为头等大事，竟不惜为此将邻居置于死地。 4 Government investigators have evidence that as much as a billion dollars in deposits siphoned off in the massive savings and loan scandal has been transferred to secret ba

4、nk accounts in Switzerland, Panama, the Cayman Islands and the Pacific island-nation Nauru. The money may never be recovered because officials in these nations are stonewalling all attempts to trace the sources of the deposits. (范家材英语修辞赏析)政府调查员有证据证明，在这次公众储蓄和贷款丑闻中，多达10亿美元储蓄被抽走，转入瑞士、巴拿马、开曼群岛和太平洋岛国瑙鲁的秘

5、密银行帐户中。这些钱可能永远也无法追回，因为这些国家的官员对追查这些存款来源的所有举动百般阻挠。 5 To push responsibility down in your organization, and to force good ideas to bubble up within it, you must listen to what your associates are trying to tell you. (Sam Walton: Running a Succesful Company: Ten Rules that Worked for Me)若要在你的组织里贯彻推行责任，使

6、优秀的创意不断涌现，你必须倾听同事要对你说的话。 6 We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compassion. 我们通过将常识与同情相结合，能够拥有一个为现在所有的年轻人提供的未来。 7 It is not that I dont wish them fame and fortune, especially the seniors as they lurch toward graduation, more stuffed with l

7、earning and short of money than they probably ever will be again. （William Zinsser：Letter From Home）并不是我不希望他们拥有功名利禄，尤其对于即将毕业的大四学生，他们饱读诗书却囊中羞涩，也许今后将永远不会这样了。stuffed一般和枕头芯子，废报纸，零碎小钱以及食品填料。 这里用这个词表明了作者的观点：课本知识不是总是有用的。同样lurch给人的形象是步履蹒跚，隐射了学生的学习是多么艰难，摇摇晃晃走向毕业。8 Kim-Chi is part of a tidal wave of bright, h

8、ighly-motivated Asian-Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Although Asian-Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nations population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the

9、 University of California at Berkeley.(Fox Butterfield: Why They Excel)一批聪明、动机强烈的亚裔美国人突然纷纷涌入我们最好的大学，形成了一股热潮，金枝就是他们中的一员。尽管亚裔美国人仅占国家总人口的2.4%，但他们占哈佛本科生的17.1%，占麻省理工学院本科生的18%，占加州大学柏克利分校的27.3%。 9 The fault is not with our children, but with the narrowness of the flowerbed in which we expect them to germin

10、ate. We are stunting their growth if we tell them that there is only one ”right” way to get through their education or to get through life. （William Zinsser: Letter From Home）我们的孩子并没有错，只是我们期待他们发芽的花圃太窄了。如果我们告诉他们接受教育或度过人生只有一个惟一“正确”的道路，我们是阻碍他们的成长。 10 Our cities pulse with vitality and diversity. It is

11、there that so much astonishing individual achievement flowers. But it can blossom only in an orderly social system that allows our people to plan for the future and compete for the bounty that surrounds us. 我们城市的脉搏充满活力，多姿多彩。就在这里，诸多惊人的个人成就如鲜花般盛开，但它只能在一个有序的社会体系中才能绽放，这个社会体系允许人们为将来做打算，并为我们四周的奖励展开竞争。 11

12、Successful students sometimes become so obsessed with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they dont want to risk their grade-point average.(Fredelle Maynard: Turning Failure into Success) 有时候，成功的学生被分数所困扰，根本无法快乐度过学生时代。他们从不分心去尝试新的领域，因

13、为他们不想拿分数来冒险。 12 Vice president George Bush returned to this old stamping ground here in early May-striving to defuse a crisis in U.S.-Chinese relations (U.S. News and World Report May 17,1982) 副总统乔治布什于五月初旧地重游以努力解除美中关系的危机。 13 While the party dithers, the economy withers. (The Economist May 22, 1982)

14、党派犹豫了，经济就滑坡了。 14 The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it -and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. 能量、信念以及我们对这项事业的投入将照亮我们的国家和所有为这项事业服务的人- 这团火的光芒的确能够照亮整个世界用了light, 就是把the energy 等比喻成明灯。15 A new play by the Peking pe

15、oples Art Troupe seems to be successfully navigating between bourgeois decadence and card board socialist realism. (The Economist March, 1983) 北京人民艺术剧团的这出新戏看起来很成功地游离于资本主义的颓废和纸上社会主义的现实主义之间。 312名词型：1）N1 + of + N2，即N1是喻体，N2是本体。也就是说把N2 比喻成 N1如:1 Im not saying that we havent done a great deal already to

16、lift the veil of shame around the subject of rape. But its still there. 我并不是说，在揭开围绕着强奸这个话题的害羞的面纱方面，我们没有做很多努力。问题是这面纱还在那儿。 2 This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects ch

17、osen in many international conferences.（University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate: Certificate of Proficiency in English）这种趋势导致了学科之间广泛的学术接触，并导致对汇集各专业知识的空前重视，这反映在国际会议广泛的论题上。 4 With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be

18、able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.（I Have a Dream）有了这种信念，我们就能够劈开失望之山，采到希望之石。有了这种信念，我们就能够把我国喧嚣的不和谐转变为兄弟情谊的美妙交响曲。5 Some people still believe that Irans internal reservoir of compromise may be enough to save it from the drought of common sens

19、e. (The Economist. Feb 10, 1979) 一部分人仍然相信伊朗国内大量的妥协意见足够使伊朗免于常识的匮乏。2） N(Adj.) + N, 即N(Adj.)是本体，而N是喻体，也就是说把N(Adj.) 比作 N。6 We simply have to know where we want to go and to build a platform that can allow us successfully to navigate the currents of our present economic waters. 我们只需知道我们想到哪儿去，并建造一个平台以能够允许

20、我们成功地在当前经济海洋的波澜中劈波斩浪。 7 There is harmony and inner peace to be found in following a moral compass that points in the same direction, regardless of fashion or trend. There is hope that if we can only set our course according to mans finest aspirations, we can achieve what we all want, and that we can

21、 have it without diminishing our neighbors share: Peace! （ Ted Koppel, The Vannatizing of America）不管时尚或潮流如何，始终按照指着同一方向的道德指南针前进，你就会找到和谐和内心的宁静。我们希望，如果我们只按照人类最优秀的理想去确定我们的道路，我们就能够如愿以偿，得到我们所想要的一切，同时不削弱我们邻居的那一份：和平！ 8 Not all of them, of course, will take the icy plunge. Quite a few will stay on the academ

22、ic assembly-line-in law school or medical school or graduate school-to study for three or four years more.（William Zinsser: Letter from Home） 当然并非所有人都会做这个冰冷的俯冲。相当多的人会继续留在学校流水线上，在法学院或医学院或研究生院继续学习三到四年。 3）N. 即只出现喻体，不直接出现本体。要比喻的东西是从上下文中猜出：10 We must never tire or become frustrated by difficulties. We mu

23、st transform stumbling blocks into stepping stones and march on with the determination that we will make America a better nation for all to live in. 我们决不能被困难压垮，感到疲惫。我们必须将绊脚石转变为踏脚石，带着要将美国变得更适宜我们大家生活的决心大踏步前进。 11 And Im talking about seniors because they are the ones who are most on my mind right now:

24、panicky that they wont have enough As to persuade an employer to hire them, though they are men and women Id like to have working for me, if I were an employer, for qualities of intelligence and humor and humanity that dont show up on any chart. （William Zinsser: Letter from Home） 我现在讲的是大四学生，因为我目前对他

25、们考虑的最多：我担心他们没有足够的优等成绩以说服雇主雇佣他们，尽管假如我是一名雇主的话，我乐意于他们共事，因为聪明才智、幽默感和人性是不会出现在任何表格里的从上下文来看这里的chart（航海图）指的是学生的学习档案。13 TV industry should have a higher and more noble calling than simply reflecting reality. You should improve reality. The industry should be a beacon for the nation, not simply a mirror. 电视业不

26、应简单地反映现实，而要有更高层次，更加高尚的使命感。你要改善现实。电视业应该成为国家的灯塔，而不只是一面镜子。这里的mirror就是上文说到的reflect reality. 4）V + N 即动词和名词都是喻体，构成复杂的隐喻。16 Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. 让我们不要从痛苦和仇恨的杯子中饮水以止自由之渴。17 Happiness, Playboy says, should be the goal of man, it

27、 is what gives life meaning. But squeezing the juice out of the concept, Playboy leaves us nothing much but the pulp of pleasure. 花花公子认为，快乐应当是人类追求的目标，它赋予了生命的意义。但细细思量这个概念，花花公子告诉我们的只是寻欢作乐。 18 And now, after this lengthy yet still introductory consideration of the dynamics of hope and fear, I will disc

28、uss present and future technologies, the numerous reasons for both hope and fear, and the need for far more tough-minded optimism to steer us through the rock-strewn rapids of the unfolding future. 我已经讲完了关于希望和恐惧的动力学的思考，尽管冗长，但仍是作为导入性的。现在我将讨论现在与将来的科技，希望和恐惧的无数原因，以及为什么需要更多的坚定的乐观精神，以带领我们绕开尚未明朗的未来中礁石密布的湍流

29、。 19 As a result of those measures we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.（Derek Davy: Advanced English Course）这些措施的结果是，我们经历了狂风暴雨，进入了较为平静的水域，开始了一个经济发展、社会结构重组的时期。313 综合型。也即由两个以上的相关形象组成群体隐喻。1 The lens of bipolar ideological s

30、truggle through which we saw the last half-century has been shattered by events. Now through the broken pieces a pattern is beginning to emerge, a vision of a world in which economic competition will take precedence over military conflict. 透过两极的意识形态的斗争，我们看到上个半世纪充满了重大事件。在事件的空隙中，一个模式正在逐步形成，一个经济竞争优先于军事

31、冲突的世界的景象正逐渐展现。2 While the flow may have slowed, Virginias New Mainstream is far from drying up. It shall be the task of this administration to ensure that a rising tide of prosperity and opportunity is possible in the future. 尽管流速可能减缓了，但弗吉尼亚新的主流远未干涸。政府当局的任务是，确保将来会出现经济繁荣和机遇的涨潮。3 Each of these events

32、has shaped what we produce, how we trade, and pushed us further into uncharted economic waters, with more workers anxious that it will be their job that the swirling river of economic transformation will sweep away next. To survive, we must lighten our load, fix our steering wheel, and get used to living without the certainties of another time. 每一个这样的事件都决定了我们的产品的形态，我们的贸易方式，并把我们进一步推入无图可鉴的经济的海洋，有更多的工人担心经济改革的湍急的河流下一个卷走的就是他们的工作。要想不被淹死，我们就必须轻装上阵，修好舵轮，适应下一个时期没有确定性的生活方式。