第十二章 疑问句.docx

1、第十二章 疑问句第十二章 疑问句用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句（Interrogative sentences），疑问句末尾须用问号“？”。根据语法和交际功能，疑问句可分为一般疑问句（General Questions）、特殊疑问句（Special Questions）、选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）和反意疑问句（Disjunctive Questions）四类。一、一般疑问句一般疑问句常用来询问一件事情是否属实，其答案通常是yes、no或相当于yes或no的词语，所以，一般疑问句又叫“是非问句”（YES-NO Questions）。一般疑问句中的be动词、助动词或情态动

2、词要放在主语之前，形成倒装词序。1、如果句子的动词是be（am、is、are、was、were），就将be动词提到句子主语的前面就可以了。例如：Are you students? 你们是学生吗？Is it a map of China? 这是一幅中国地图吗？Is Sophie a French girl? 索菲娅是法国人？Is this machine in good condition? 这台机器的情况良好吗？Was she here yesterday? 她昨天在这里吗？Were they always ready to help others? 他们总是乐于助人吗？Is it raini

3、ng outside？外面在下雨吗？Were you watching TV at nine this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在看电视吗？Are you interested in the classified ads? 你对分类广告赶兴趣吗？Is English spoken all over the world？全世界都说英语吗？2、如果句子中有助动词shall、will、should、would、have和情态动词can、may、must、could、might、shall、should、will、would、ought to、need、dare等时，就将这些助动

4、词和情态动词提到句子主语的前面。例如：Will she accept this invitation? 她会接受邀请吗？Shall I ask him to come and see you? 要不要我叫他来看你？Would you mind if I open the window? 你不介意我把窗打开吧？Have you taken your supper? 你吃过晚餐了吗?Have you known her since your childhood？你从童年就认识她吗？Had he learned English before he came here？他来这里以前就已经学英语了吗？H

5、as she been living here? 她一直住在这儿吗？Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？Can I have something to drink? 我可以喝的吗？Can they have left so soon? 难道他们这么快就走了?Could she have forgotten my address? 她会把我的地址给忘了吗?Could he have said that? 他会说这样的话吗?Must I do it now？我必须现在做吗？May I have some water? 我可以喝些水吗?Need th

6、ey have done it last week? 他们上周就做了这事有必要吗?3、如果句子的动词是行为动词，则要在句子主语的前面加上助动词do、does或did。例如：Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?Do you find it difficult to learn English? 你认为英语很难吗？Do you often see each other? 你们彼此经常见面吗？Do you have anything else to eat except these? 除了这些你还有别的吃的吗？Do they live on rice and vegetables

7、? 他们是以大米和蔬菜为主食吗？Does Noah live in Beijing? 诺亚住在北京吗?Does she know German? 她懂德语吗？Did you have a good journey? 你旅行愉快吗?Did not you buy the novel? 那本小说你没买吗 ？Did someone call you last night ? 昨天晚上有人给你打电话了吧？4、对行为动词have来说，如果它的含义是“有”，则可将have放到主语前，也可用助do来构成一般疑问句。例如：Have you any paper clips?/Do you have any cl

8、ips? 你有回形针吗？Have you some envelopes? /Do you have some envelopes? 你有些信封吗？Have you any French books?/Do you have any French books？你有法语书吗？如果have表示其他的意思，则只能用do来构成一般疑问句。例如：Do you have supper at six? 你们是在六点钟吃晚饭的吗？Do you have English lessons every day? 你们每天上英语课吗？Did you have coffee yesterday? 你昨天喝咖啡了吗？5、在

9、口语中，有时还用陈述句型的一般疑问句，表示说话人对某事不太相信或惊奇。这种一般疑问句用陈述句语序，句末用问号，读的时候要用升调。例如：Youre a policeman? 你是警察吗？They are students? 他们是个学生吗？You dont know the famous singer? 你连那位著名的歌手都不知道？You said you didnt see him come in? 你说你没有看见他进来？So Thats why you broke up your relation with him? 看来那就是你同他断绝关系的原因吧？Then you know what h

10、appened to them later? 那么你知道他们以后怎样了？Moore will be there? 穆尔要到那里去？6、否定的一般疑问句否定的一般疑问句相当于汉语中的反问句，它用来对对方提出的问题进行善意的批评或责备，还可用于不耐烦或责备他人的场合，表达的却是肯定意义，有“难道不？”这样的含义。例如：Cant you see? 难道你没看见吗?Cant you go there with me? 难道你不能陪我去那里吗?Dont you think we should try again？难道你不认为我们应该再试一试吗？Dont you want to go？你难道不想去吗？Do

11、nt you remember the days when we stayed in Paris？你不记得我们在巴黎逗留的那些日子吗？Do you not believe me? 你不相信我？Hasnt the rain stopped yet? 难道雨还没有停吗？Isnt Kate a student? 凯特难道不是学生吗？ Isnt he your blood brother？难道他不是你的亲兄弟？Wont you come in and have some tea？进来喝些茶好吗？Isnt it a lovely day？这天气多么好啊。二、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况的某一

12、方面的具体内容提问，因此，对哪一方面的具体内容提问，就需要使用相应的特殊疑问词。引出特殊疑问句的常用疑问词有：who（谁）、whom（谁）、whose（谁的）、which（哪个，哪些）、what（什么）、where（什么地方）、when（什么时候）、why（为什么）、how（如何）等，回答特殊疑问句时不用yes或no。例如：Who are responsible for the companys advertising? 谁负责公司的广告？Who broke the window？谁打破了窗户？Who keeps the keys？谁保管那些钥匙？Who is that woman？那个女人是

13、谁？Who did you see？你见到谁了？What is in your pocket？你口袋里有什么？Whats the deal? 怎么回事？What did you buy？你买了什么？What is your mother？你妈妈是干什么的？ What was the weather like？天气怎么样？What sports do you like？你喜欢什么运动？What classes do you have on Monday? 你们星期一上什么课?What size do you take in shoes？ 你穿多大号的鞋？What other things can

14、 you see? 你还能看见别的什么东西吗?What kind of tree is that？那是哪种树？Whose umbrella did you borrow？你借了谁的雨伞？Whose pens are these？这些是谁的钢笔？Whose father died two years ago？两年前谁的父亲死了？Which is Kellys？ 哪个是凯利的？Which does he want？他想要哪一个？ Which of them is the eldest？他们中谁的年龄最大？Which picture did you take？哪一张照片是你拍的？When did t

15、hey get married? 他们什么时候结婚？When will you go to Japan？你什么时候去日本？Where do you live?你住那儿？Where are you going？你准备去什么地方？Why does the moon look much bigger than any other star except the sun? 为什么月亮看上去比除太阳以外的其他任何星星都要大？Why are you late？你为什么迟到？How is the weather today？今天天气如何？How is the work these days? 这些天工作进行

16、的怎么样？How do you feel today？你今天感觉怎样？How old are you？你多大年龄？How many languages did he master? 他掌握了多少种语言？How much is your book? 你这本书要多少钱？How long will you stay here? 你要在这儿呆多久？How often does he write to his mother? 他多久给他妈妈写一次信？How soon will he be back? 他多久会回来？How far is it from your school to your villag

17、e? 学校离你村有多远？ How high is Mount Tai? 泰山有多高？How tall is he？他有多高？How heavy is the parcel？包裹有多重？ Why argue with him? He will never change his mind. 为什么跟他吵架？他永远也不会改变主意的。Why not wait for a couple of days? 为什么不等几天？1）由于搭配上的需要特殊疑问句中可以把介词置于句首。例如：With whom did you go？你和谁一起去的？To whom were you speaking？你刚才在跟谁说话？

18、By whom is the book written？此书是谁写的？To which address did you send it？你把东西寄到哪个地址去了？On what do you base your theory？你的理论依据是什么？Since when have you lived here？你从什么时候起住在这里的？2）特殊疑问句还可以有省略说法。例如：What else？还有什么？So what？那又怎么样？By whom？谁写的？ Which way？去哪条路？3）有时在特殊疑问句的疑问词后还可插入如do you think、do you believe、do you gu

19、ess、do you suppose、do you say之类的一般疑问句的形式，其后再加上正常的陈述句词序。例如：Why do you suppose the accident has happened? 你认为事故为什么会发生？What do you think I ought to see first? 你认为我应该先看什么？What do you believe is the most important thing for us to do in order to learn English well? 你认为为把英语学好我们应该做的最重要的事是什么？How many books c

20、an you guess he bought the other day? 你猜他那天买了几本书？Why do you guess he didnt get in touch with you before he left Beijing? 你认为他离开北京之前，为什么没有同你取得联系？How many great novels of the world do you believe have been made into films in the past few years? 你认为在过去几年里有多少世界名著被改编为电影？ What time does the letter say he

21、will leave for France? 信上说他将何时动身去法国？What does she find is the most important difference between day and night nursing? 她觉得白天护理同夜间护理最大的不同是什么？三、反意疑问句反意疑问句，或称附加疑问句（Tag Questions），表示说话人对自己提出的想法和情况较有把握，或者问话的目的只是希望对方来赞同或证实所陈述的事情。在这种问句中，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是附在前一部分的一个简短疑问句。如果陈述部分用肯定形式，疑问部分则用否定形式；如果陈述部分用否定形式，疑问部

22、分则用肯定形式。例如：He gets up early every day, doesnt he? 他每天都起得很早，是吗？The students have a meeting once a week, dont they？学生们一周开一次会，是吗？Everything is arranged in a good order, isnt it? 一切都安排得井井有条，是不是？This is very important, isnt it? 这很重要，是吗？Monica is fifteen, isnt she? 莫妮卡15岁了，是吗？Birds are our friends, arent

23、they? 鸟是我们的朋友，不是吗？That was a wonderful night, wasnt it？那是个奇妙的夜晚，不是吗？Your sister helped him, didnt she？你姐姐帮助了他，是吗？Jason is skating, isnt he？杰森在滑冰，是不是？Matthew has lived here for many years, hasnt he？马休已经在这儿住了许多年了，是不是？You have seen the film, havent you？你看过了这部电影，是吗？Your brother can swim, cant he？你哥哥会游泳，

24、是吗？They had to leave early, didnt they? 他们得早点离开，是吗？Youd better go there now, hadnt you? 你最好现在去那儿，好吗？ He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？ Youd like to go to bed earlier, wouldnt you? 你想早点儿睡觉，对吗？He doesnt know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？He cannot sing, can he? 他不

25、会唱歌，是吗？Your classmates didnt have a good time last summer, did they？你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗？They havent been to the Great Wall, have they？他们没去长城，是吗？You havent seen Olivia up to now, have you? 到现在你还没看到奥丽薇亚，是不是？但用这些规则来套用一些特殊形式的反意疑问句就并不合适。1、如果陈述部分是Im结构，疑问部分一般用arent I，在正式的场合用am I not，但在日常会话中却不用。例如：Im late, aren

26、t I? 我迟到了，是吗？Im mistaken, arent I？我错了，对不对？Im an English teacher, am I not? 我是一名英语老师，不是吗？Im much better today, am I not? 我今天身体好多了，是吗？2、如果陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分常用will you或wont you；如果祈使句以Lets开头，则常用shall we或shant we，但以Let us、Let me、Let her等开头的祈使句用will you或wont you。例如：Speak louder, will you/？请大声点儿，好吗？Open the win

27、dow, will you？请打开窗子，好吗？Go with me, wont you? 与我一起去， 好不好？Give me a hand, wont you？请帮我一下，好吗？Do sit down, wont you？您请坐。Lets go, shall we？咱们走吧，好吗？Lets have a cup of tea, shall we？咱们去喝杯茶，好吗？Lets go and listen to the music, shant we? 咱们去听音乐，好不好？Lets start with the song, shant we? 咱们以这首歌开始，好吗？Let us wait f

28、or you in the reading-room, will you? 我们在阅览室等，好吗？Let me help you, will you? 让我帮助你，好吗？Let me sing a song for you, wont you？让我为你唱一首歌，好吗？Let her play the piano, will you？让她弹钢琴吧，行吗？在否定的祈使句后，常用will you。例如：Dont wait for me，will you？请别等我，好吗？Dont be late next time, will you? 下次不要迟到了，好吗？Dont do that again, w

29、ill you? 不要再干那事，好吗？Dont smoke here, will you? 不要在这里吸烟，好吗？Dont forget to tell her the news, will you? 不要忘了把消息告诉她，好吗？3、陈述部分是感叹句时，疑问部分常用“be主语”。例如： What beautiful cars, arent they? 多么漂亮的汽车，不是吗？ What fine weather, isnt it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？What a lovely girl, isnt she? 多么可爱的姑娘，对不对？How diligent the boy is, isnt

30、he? 这孩子多么勤奋，是吗？How fine a day today, isnt it? 今天天气多好啊，不是吗？4、陈述部分是“there be”结构时，疑问部分用“助动词there”形式。例如：There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There is a meeting this afternoon, isnt there? 今天下午有个会议，是吗？There was a hospital here, wasnt there? 过去这儿有家医院，是吗？There will not be any t

31、rouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？ There will be a lot of work to do today, wont there? 今天有许多工作要做，是吗？There hasnt been any rain for months, has there? 几个月没下雨了，是吗？5、当陈述部分是主从复合句时，疑问部分要与主句的动词和主语保持一致。例如：He said they wanted to visit Shanghai, didnt he? 他说他想去上海看看，是吗？ She says I did it, doesnt she? 她说是我做的，是吗？Mr Green says that Philip is good at Chinese, doesnt he? 格林先生说菲利普汉语学得不错，对吗？She thinks the boy can sing the song in English, doesnt she? 她认为那个男孩会用英语唱这首歌，不是吗？You told them that Li Ming wouldnt come, didnt