专升本英语语法迷津.docx

1、专升本英语语法迷津几道非谓语动词作状语易错考题分析1.He walked in, _ a book in his hand, went to a table near the window and sat down in silence.A.carrying B. carried C.to carry D.having carried【解析】答案选A。此题考查分词作状语的用法。首先不定式表示目的和将来可以排除；having done强调动作的完成，不符合题意，只剩下A和B，这是一个并列句，句中有三个谓语动词walked in, went to和sat down。句中的carrying a bo

2、ok in his hand是现在分词，用作状语，修饰walked in，表伴随。提醒：此题易错选B。2._for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.A.having ignoredB.Having been ignored C.to have been ignoredD.to be ignored【解析】正确答案为B。此题考查分词作状语。因ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A。至于C和D，首先可排除D，因为它是不定式的一般式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；而C是不定式

3、的完成式，一般不作时间状语。3._ to the consumers, more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads.A.Appealed B.to appealed C.appealing D.to be appealed【解析】正确答案为B，考查不定式的用法。首先可以排除A和D，因为appeal是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，从句意来看，题目想表达的是为了吸引消费者，不定式作目的状语，而现在分词一般情况下不能表目的，所以选B。4. Whats the matter with you?_ the

4、heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.A.Having carriedB.CarriedC.While carrying D.While I was carrying【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语。一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语需要和主句主语一致，此题中，主句的主语是my waist，而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，所以不能用非谓语动词，只能用状语从句，所以选D。5._with enough instruments necessary for the experiment, these scientists are expec

5、ting to finish it ahead of time.A. To be suppliedB.to suppliedC.supplyingD.supplied【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词作状语。这句话的主语是scientists，与非谓语动词supply是动宾关系，也就是被提供，因此排除了B和C，不定式作状语表示将来和目的，与题意不符，所以选D。忽略题干语境所导致的错误有的英语的时态考题特别注重利用题干本身所提供的语境进行考查。如果考生在做题时，只顾理解填空处的句意，而忽略对上下文语境的连贯理解，则可能步入命题人设计的陷阱。如：I was giving a talk to a

6、large group of people, the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups. (湖南卷)A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given许多同学可能会简单地根据前面的was giving而误选A。但事实上，此题提供的语境是：我当时正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我曾给其他若干批人讲过。由于was giving为过去进行时，而“曾给其他若干批人讲过”显然发生在was giving这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时，即答案为C。Father _ for London on busin

7、ess upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. (福建卷)A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left若单独看Father _ for London on business upon my arrival这一句，则答案为C或D均可。但是，若结合后面的so I didnt see him，则答案只能选D。因为，既然“我没有见到他”用了过去时态，那么“父亲离开”就肯定属于“过去的过去”，故要用过去完成时。英语语法考试分离型陷阱归纳请看下面两道高考题：1.Later in this chapter cases will

8、 be introduced to readers_consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西卷)A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which【分析】答案为A。where在此引导定语从句，其先行词为cases。在一般情况，定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后，其间不能插入其他成分，但在本题中，定语从句与先行词被分开，若不注意到这一点，此题很容易做错。句意为：在本章的后面部分，我们将为读者介绍一些事例，说明消费者的投诉已经使法律作出了修改。2.For many cities in the world, there

9、is no room to spread our further,_New York is an example. (2008四川卷)A.for whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which【分析】答案为C。of which在此引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为前面的many cities。在通常情况，定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后，其间不能插入其他成分，但在本题中，定语从句与先行词被分开，若不注意到这一点，此题很容易做错。句意为：对世界上许多城市来说，已经没有进一步发展的空间，纽约就是其中的一个例子。这两道题均涉及分离修饰的问题。综观近几年的高考英语单项填空题，有不少

10、所谓的“难题”均与这类分离修饰有一定的关系，本文为同学们归纳了八类分离修饰的易错陷阱，希望引起大家的注意。一、主谓分离陷阱1.The girl as well as the other students _ excited.A. wasB. wereC. beingD. be【分析】依据题意“那个女孩还有其他的学生都很激动”，有些同学可能会选B。其实正确答案是A。当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, with, together with, no less than, along with, like, rather than, no more than, in add

11、ition to, but, except, besides, including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数随主语的单复数而定，造成主语和谓语分离，让同学们误入陷阱。请做以下几题(答案均选A)：(1) No one but her parents _ it.A. knowsB. knowC. is knowingD. are knowing(2) Mary, together with two boys, _ for having broken the rule.A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punishedD. being punished(3)

12、 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. hasnt decidedC. arent decidedD. havent decided(4) The teacher, together with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. The _ we saw yesterday come

13、 out from the farm once in a while.A. cowB. dogC. horseD. deer【分析】此题粗略一看，选A、B、C、D四个选项都行。而有些同学看到名词the farm时，很容易误选为A。因为与农场关系密切的当属cow。其实不然，此题答案选D。这道试题着重考查的是时态环境下的主谓一致的语法现象。本句用的是一般现在时态，谓语是come out,我们要选的词应该在句子中作主语，但是主语和谓语之间有一个修饰先行词的定语从句(that / which )we saw yesterday，将句子的主语和谓语分开，从而增加了解题的难度。注意：解此类试题时，要分清句

14、子的结构，抓住句子的主干，还要将句子的时态和主谓一致兼顾，才能准确无误地选对答案3. A _ of fish has been killed in this river because of serious pollutionA. lotB. numberC. massD. great deal【分析】此题答案很容易误选为A或D。很多同学在看到谓语形式是has been killed时，就以为fish是不可数名词。其实，正确答案为C。fish在这里是表复数意义的可数名词，并且单复数同形。但这里的主语不是fish，而是mass，主谓隔离使同学们误入陷阱。“a mass of +n.+谓语单数”=

15、“masses of +n.+谓语复数”。请看以下类似的例子：(1) Large amounts of water _ polluted since the factory was built last year.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. has been(2) A large quantity of crops _ destroyed in the flood.A. wasB. wereC. haveD. has第(1)题的答案为C。主语是amounts而不是water；第(2)题答案为B。主语是quantity而不是crops。二、句型分离陷阱1. In th

16、e wartime, the masses devoted _ they had _ the army in fighting against the Japanese.A. whatever; to supportingB. what; supportingC. anything which; to supportingD. all; to supporting【分析】此题很容易误选为C或者D。其实正确答案是A。这道题目考查的是一个固定句型搭配，即devote (time, money, energy) to (doing) sth。devote后接了一个由whatever引导的宾语从句。此

17、题的难点在于我们要选的第1空是名词或代词或名词性从句作devote的宾语，隔离了这个动词短语固定搭配，增加了解题难度。C项中anything为不定代词，后接定语从句时其关系代词用that而不用which，故C错误。2. How long do you think it is _ she arrived here?A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since【分析】面对这道题，很多同学觉得无从下手，很容易误选C。其实正确答案是D。此题是一个宾语从句，并且是疑问句，这无疑增加了解题难度。这里我们不妨把它变成陈述句。将do you think看成插入语，则句子就变成了：It is

18、(how long) since she arrived here.这样，句子结构就一目了然。这是一个“It is +段时间+ since(自从以来有多久了)”的句型。请注意区分下面相类似的句型：It will (not) bebefore(要过多久才/不过多久就)和It was(not)before(过了多久才/没过多久就)。3. It was _ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A. to have playedB. playingC. pla

19、yedD. having played【分析】正确答案为B，考查的是强调句型，被强调成分是句子的主语，但其被强调句式It wasthat隔离，增强了试题的迷惑性。这里我们应选动词的-ing形式作主语。请看下面相似的例子：(1) Was it during the Second World War _ he died?A. thatB. whileC. in whichD. then(2) _ helped you work out that difficult maths problem?A.Who didB. it was who thatC. Who it was thatD. Who w

20、as it that第(1)题的答案为A。是疑问句形式的强调句型，被强调的部分during the Second World War在句中作状语；第(2)题的答案是D。被强调的是疑问词who在句中作主语。三、定语从句分离陷阱1. This is the biggest nature park for milu deer in China _ they have visited.A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. which【分析】解此题的关键在于找准定语从句中的先行词。此题中的先行词应该是park，for milu deer和in China都是限定语修饰park的；又因

21、为visit是及物动词，应有宾语，而where和in which只能作状语，据此可排除A和B；而这里的先行词又是被形容词的最高级所修饰，可排除D，故答案选C。在这里，句中for milu deer和in China分离了先行词与它的定语从句，会使人产生错觉，误入陷阱。请看下面类似的例子()：(1) The day they were looking forward to_ at last.A. comingB. comesC. came D. come(2) Do the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense?A. making

22、B. to make C. how to makeD. having made第(1)题的答案为C。主句的主语是The day，其中they were looking forward to是一个定语从句；第(2)题的答案是B。其中you thought of是一个定语从句，它实际上考查的是短语the way to do sth / of doing sth的用法。2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC.

23、 thisD. that【分析】此题中的of course对很多同学具有迷惑性和干扰性。事实上，答案选B。这是一个含有由which引导的非限制性定语从句的复合句(在非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导)，在句子中of course是一个插入语，对句子作一些附加的修饰，并将定语从句和它的先行词隔离开来，从而增加解题难度。分析结构时我们可将其拿掉，使句式简化。3. Is this museum _ some German friends visited the day before yesterday?A. whichB. whereC. thatD. the one【分析】此题很容易误选为

24、A或C，知道将它当作一个定语从句来看，但却误将this museum当成定语从句的先行词。其实，this museum是主句的主语，这是一个疑问句，我们只要将句子还原成This museum is就可以看出定语从句缺少了先行词。由此我们可知D是正确答案。做这一类试题时，常常将疑问句还原成陈述句，问题就变得简单了。请看下面类似的例子：(1) Is this museum _ his father worked ten years ago?A. in whichB. whereC. thatD. the one(2) Is this the museum _ some German friends

25、 visited the day before yesterday?A. in whichB. whereC. thatD. the one分析：第(1)题答案是B。将题干还原成：This museum is _ his father worked ten years ago.便可知这是一个由where引导的表语从句,在表语从句中where不能用“介词+ which”来替换；第(2)题的答案是C。将题干还原成：This is the museum _ some German friends visited the day before yesterday.便不难看出句子的主干是This is the museum其后是一个定语从句修饰先行词the museum的，所以应选关系代词作从句谓语动词visited的宾语。四、插入语分离陷阱Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effectA. when takingB