名词性从句的用法之同位语从句.docx

1、名词性从句的用法之同位语从句名词性从句从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句及同位语从句，因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词；定语从句有称为形容词性从句，因为从句功能相当于形容词；而状语从句则称为副词性从句，因为从句功能相当于副词 。 什么是名词性从句?在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)同位语从句 ( The

2、 Appositive Clause)同位语从句一定义在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。补充：同位语定义：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语类型：1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, th

3、e oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sa

4、il up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 二同位语从句的先行词可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 How did the cheats expla

5、in the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的? 代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。 有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。 You must see to

6、 it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。 三同位语从句在句子中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生

7、那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 四引导词1. 连词that引导同位语从句 （注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这

8、件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，

9、给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 （注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）

10、 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这

11、个问题我们还没有决定。五同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。六同位语从句和定语从句的区别1意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开

12、来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句) 2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同 t

13、hat引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 试区分以下句子例1：Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?例2：The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.The news that is spreading

14、around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.4. 被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will co

15、me . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句) Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）例1：1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是In

16、formation的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2：1）She

17、 heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：2）I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible

18、 noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。七同位语从句欣赏同位语从句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain. 2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse. 4 Museums play a role of education for

19、the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of their own countrys tradition and cultures.牛刀小试1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A. hat B. what C.

20、which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting

21、 wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. whenKeys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA