大学英语四级练习T4三.docx

1、大学英语四级练习T4三Part I Writing (30 minutes)City Problem1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的问题有3. 如何解决这些问题Part 11 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)PaperMore than Meets the EyeWe are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many va

2、rieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not som

3、ething destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus

4、is an example and from where we get the word “paper”. Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the hulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodIn order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Fir

5、stly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence o

6、f paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Someth

7、ing called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the

8、cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.Since the lig

9、nin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is “why is it left in the paper?” The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the free. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Rem

10、oving it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist insist look for in his supplies. There is no point whatso

11、ever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You c

12、annot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. “Acid-free” might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and i

13、n the right conditions it will speed up enormously.Added to this, as 1 have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are sup

14、pliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper

15、 will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagPaper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp

16、 paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.The main lesso

17、n to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high Street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home p

18、ossible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than _A high grade card C low grade cardB middle grade card D any grade card2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones areA woods, cottons and grasses C soft wood, cotton and ragsB soft wood and cotton D co

19、ttons and grasses3. During the whole manufacturing process, die final product is made from _A strong alkalies C cellulose fibresB caustic soda D a pulp of cellulose fibres4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add_.A albescent Bbleach C escharotic Dlysozyme5._ is essential for the

20、 tree but it will make paper easy to break.A Acid B Alkali C Cellulose fibres D Lignin6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because _A leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yield B leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree C lignin is very useful in the proc

21、essD lignin is essential for making paper7._ is particularly harmful to photographic materials.ALignin B Bleach C Acid D Chemical whiteners8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more

22、money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from “Paper from Rag” is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A11. A Hell be speaking at the end of the meeting.B

23、 He was supposed to speak last night instead.C He suddenly decided not to speak. D He already spoke very briefly tonight.12. A Its too high. B Its acceptable.C Its cheap indeed. D The woman should have bargained for it.13. A At two oclock. C At four oclock.B At three oclock. D At five oclock.14. A S

24、hop assistant and customer. C Store keeper and customer.B Post clerk and customer. D Waitress and customer.15. A His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.B He was together with his girlfriend yesterday. C He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days. D He brought his girl

25、friend to the party.16. A She regretted having bought the second-hand car.B It is unnecessary to rent another house.C They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one. DThey can afford a second-hand car.17. A She loves the film too. C She asks the man to repeat his words.B She doesnt think m

26、uch of the film. D Its not as good as she expected.18. A Go out with his wife. C Stay at home with his wife.B Work for extra hours. D Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Its hereditary. C He combs his hair too much.B The shampoo he used cau

27、sed it. D He is old enough to lose hair.20. A Use some special shampoo. B Wear a wig. C Dont try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.D Go to the doctor for advice.21. A Over the radio. C At the mans house.B At a doctors office. D At a drug store.22. A It suits him. C It looks old.B It looks rid

28、iculous. D Its getting worse.Questions 23 to. 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A Once a week. C Five every month.B Three every mouth. D Two every month.24. Al When there are more than twelve people. B When there are five people.C When there are fifteen people. D When there ar

29、e more than fifteen people.25. A Call the office. B Sign your name on the notice board in advance.C Pay the money. D There is no need to reserve a place.Section BPassage One26. A Because it isnt closed.B Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.C Because there is no exam

30、ination before they are accepted as students.D Because its door is open.27. A At the airport. B By plane. C Taking the air. DOn radio and TV.28. A Four. B Eight. CThree. D Five.29. A In four or five years. C In three or four years.B In one year. D In 36 weeks.Passage Two30. A A new way to take notes

31、. BA short name for survey reading method. C The five steps in the reading process. D Different ways to study for examinations.31. A That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.B That one should always take notes.C That one should read only the title and important words.D That one should read sequences of words.32. A Read. B Reci