版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义完形填空 专题四 第一节.docx

1、版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义完形填空 专题四 第一节近三年浙江卷考点分布表 年份题型2019.62018.112018.62017.11记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文句内层次题(较易试题)109109句组层次题(中等难度试题)6788语篇层次题(较难试题)4423分析近三年的浙江卷高考试题，我们不难发现，完形填空的文章体裁主要是记叙文。内容主要是传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。题型分为句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题等三个层次，以句内层次题和句组层次题为主，语篇层次题为辅，较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中始终有这三个层次，认真甄别每道题是属于哪种层

2、次，然后再确定用何种方法来解题，从而做到每题全对。一、四大方法速判句内层面题句内层面题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。方法1利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。典例(2019全国)Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.51A.studied BobservedCexplored Dregarded分析：考查固定搭配。regard.as.把看

3、作，认为是，符合语境。句意为：在许多文化中，山被认为是精神圣地。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。故选D。方法2利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。典例(2019全国)Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had sc

4、ared the dog off.Jeff searched 55.in vain for Rosie in the next four days.54A.hunted BskiedClived Dworked分析：这道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据下文语境和生活常识判断，狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。方法3利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。典例(201

5、9浙江)Whats 47.particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49.ask at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50.challenge is all the more seriou

6、s when you consider the 51.demanding exercise required to bike from France to Poland.48A.easiest BnearestCbiggest Drichest分析：本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，空处应该是与最困难的作对比，因此柏林是最容易的(easiest)。故选A。方法4利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段

7、际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国)Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried to coax(

8、哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44 .44A.calmed down Bstood upCrolled over Drun off分析：根据上下文语境，他在尽力地哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处指那只狗跑掉了(run off)。故选D。二、三大方法智取句组层面题句组层面题是比句内层面题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。方法1利用词义/语义复现解题复现是一种词义/语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现

9、来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。典例 (2019全国)However，I soon 45.discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish.I find a 47.clean mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are

10、48.significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49.paying off.46A.equipment BgrassCcamps Dstones分析：本题可以利用词义/语义复现解题。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。方法2利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们

11、快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例(2019全国)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lots of waste.The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing，changing the 43.face of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories，Im 44

12、 about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.44A.silent BskepticalCserious Dcrazy分析：本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。第一段谈到大批登山者给乞力马扎罗山带来了很多的垃圾，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏这一情况表示怀疑。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。方法3利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中

13、，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。典例(2019天津).Without 23.delay，I called to thank her.She said she 24.spotted my wallet on a bus seat.She 25.calculated that going to a strangers house was a 26 move，but she decided to take the chance.26A.selfless BriskyCslow Dpersonal分析：本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和“she decided to

14、 take the chance(她还是决定去冒险)”是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项正确。risky冒险的。方法4利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国).He had 43.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44.run off.Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So，four days later，he called h

15、is friend Greg，and the two drove 46.back.After a long and careful 47.search，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving 48 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers face.48A.cautiously BcasuallyCskillfull

16、y Dangrily分析：本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文中提到的frightened，nervousness，fear等词并结合上下文可知，小狗非常地谨慎小心。cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。三、“一原则、三方法”做好语篇层面题语篇层面题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时，对于此类题目要坚持一原则：不急于解答，读完全文综合思维后再定夺。要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细对比，最终得出答案。具体来说，可采用以下三法来解题：方法1利用语义复现解题在语篇层面题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现法来解题。典例 (2019天津)I was ready to pay for my bananas

17、 at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.My wallet was gone.I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some 16.unknown station.The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math.How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18.contents of that little wal

18、let?17A.facesaving BbrainwashingCeyecatching Dheartstopping分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。由第一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近或同义，故D选项切题。heartstopping令人心悸的。方法2利用首尾呼应关系解题完形填空在许多情况下不仅仅是在讲述一个故事，而是通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容

19、往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点看首段)。不要过早地放松而忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。 典例 (2019全国)Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.60A.enjoy BdeserveCsave Dacquire分析：本题可以采用首尾呼应关

20、系法来解题。纵观全文，文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染，作者提出了质疑，并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观；随后作者以大段文字描述了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统，因此作者最后得出结论，乞力马扎罗山应该背负一座被游客毁掉了宁谧意境的拥挤之山的名声吗？答案是否定的。deserve ones reputation 意为“名不虚传，实至名归”。故B选项切题。方法3利用文章发展脉络解题做完形填空题时要合理想象，即合理思考和推理，但绝不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段的发展脉络来调整预测偏差。典例(2019全国).I 56.count twelve sh

21、ades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57.desert：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arcticlike zone with 59.permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.58A.Obviously BEasilyCConsequently DFinally分析：本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统，此处应该要达到了乞力马扎罗山的最高处了，“最终(

22、finally)”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。故D选项切题。第一节记叙文(20196月浙江)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually，the 36 the idea is，the more it gets noticed.And thats precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃的) food.T

23、he threemonth，1,900mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchets 39 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health

24、regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.Whats 47 interesting is the attitude various cities h

25、ave toward Dubanchets cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.“I have t

26、o get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ，” Dubanchet explained.“Is my 54 full or empty? That is the most important thing，not what I am eating.”He aims to 55 his journey by midJuly.With any luck，hell turn a few more heads in the process.语篇解读本文讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet一路

27、骑自行车穿越欧洲，途中以丢弃的食物为生，试图通过他的行为，来唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注。36A.cleverer BolderCstranger Dsimpler答案C解析根据下文中的“the more it gets noticed”可知，此处是“the比较级.，the比较级.(越，越)”结构，语意表示“想法越不寻常，就越能引起人们的关注”。37A.garbageeating BsportslovingCfoodwasting Dlawbreaking答案A解析根据下文中的“on discarded(丢弃) food”和全文可知，Baptiste Dubanchet一路靠丢弃的食物为生，由

28、此可知他是个“吃垃圾的人”。38A.secretly BfinallyCentirely Dprobably答案C解析他完全依靠丢弃的食物来维持生活，以此来唤起人们珍惜食物的意识。39A.purpose BwayCopinion Ddream答案B解析这是一种唤起人们对食物浪费现象进行关注的方式。40A.observe BimagineCsuggest Dremember答案B解析正如你能想象的，这趟骑行并不是一帆风顺的。41A.store BcookCshop for Dthrow away答案D解析根据上下文可知，餐馆每年要倒掉数吨食物。42A.locked BdamagedCconnec

29、ted Dabandoned答案A解析根据上文可知，这些被丢弃的食物被锁在了垃圾箱里。43A.bought BofferedCordered Dsold答案B解析根据下文可知，只有大约1/10的地方愿意为他提供被丢弃的食物。44A.reasons BrightsCfees Daids答案A解析出于法律上的原因，大部分餐馆都有规定，不允许把要丢弃的食物送掉。45A.begging for Bgiving awayChiding Dcausing答案B解析参考上题解析。give away赠送，分发，选B。46A.did BkeptCaccepted Drisked答案D解析有些人冒着丢掉工作的风险

30、给我食物。此处risk意为“冒的风险”。根据语境可知，选D。47A.hardly BusuallyCparticularly Dmerely答案C解析特别有意思的是，不同城市对他这种行为的态度各不相同。particularly特别，尤其。根据语境可知，选C。48A.easiest BnearestCbiggest Drichest答案A解析根据下文提到的“the most difficult”可知，柏林是他最容易得到食物的城市，而捷克的比尔森市是最难的。故选A。49A.work BshoutCask Djump答案C解析在比尔森市，他不得不询问了约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才讨得食物。故选C。50A.competition BconversationCconflict Dchallenge答案D解析此处的challenge表示“挑战，艰巨任务”，根据语意可知，这个过程很艰难。故选D。51A.adequate BrewardingCdemanding Dsuitable答案C解析这是一项费力的活动，需要一路从法国骑自行车到波兰。根据句意可知，选C。52A.again BaloneClater Dfast答案D