版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题10主谓一致和特殊句式教师用书北师大版.docx

1、版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题10主谓一致和特殊句式教师用书北师大版专题十主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017全国卷) When fat and salt are removed(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.2(2016全国卷)I was allowed(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致和意

2、义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态语态结合起来进行综合考查。短文改错1.(2016浙江高考)He would ask who we waswere and pretend not to know us.2(2014全国卷)My dream school looklooks like a big garden.3(陕西高考)Finally，there werewas a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误；2非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误；3倒装句的主谓一致错误；4

3、“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。(对应学生用书第224页)语法一致先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2015湖南高考)It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.2What they need most is(be) money while what we need most are(be) textbooks.单句改错(2017福建冲刺卷)Newspapers，as well as magazine

4、s，plays an important role in daily communication.playsplay 【导学号：33220123】再解读要点1不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。What he has said leaves mu

5、ch for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。2表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。3如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一

6、致。(2017辽宁沈阳模拟)Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week.上周现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送到了那所乡村学校。意义一致先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2017江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations，which was(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading

7、novelist.2The majority of visitors were(be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was(be) simply surprising.单句改错(2017陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball，which is because two thirds of the earths surface are made up of vast oceans.areis再解读要点1“分数/百分数/a lo

8、t of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of .名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by wa

9、ter.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。易错警示quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。2“the形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。The young，on the one hand，often think of the old conservative.On the other hand，the old always consider the young inexperienced.一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。3people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；fam

10、ily，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday.昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在屋顶。4“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“的数量”。(2017吉林模拟)The number of people invited was fifty，but a

11、few of them were absent for different reasons.受到邀请的总共有50人，但其中有一些人因为各种原因而缺席。就近一致先试做题组.单句语法填空1There is(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which are(be) two tall trees with great shade. 【导学号：33220124】2Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are(be) planning to go，because they have neve

12、r been there before.单句改错(2017聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building.standstands再解读要点1由or，nor，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2017贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano l

13、essons.不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。2在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。3there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in my new office.在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。技法点拨主谓一致与语法填空主谓一致与

14、短文改错1.根据句中的主语，判断谓语动词形式；2根据主谓一致的三个原则确定谓语动词的形式。近年来高考对主谓一致在语法填空中的考查主要集中在与动词时态语态结合起来考查。1.看主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词形式是否正确；2看到主语为动名词短语、不定式或从句，确定谓语动词应为第三人称单数的形式是否正确；3看到either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，确定谓语动词是不是采取了就近原则。二、特殊句式全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening，coo

15、king，music，sportsbut whatever it is，make(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.2(2015湖南高考)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.在语法填空中强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点，在语法填空中出现的概率较大。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈

16、使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。短文改错1.(2017山东青岛一中模拟)I had trouble overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and so wasdid my friend Mike.2(2017湖南师大附中检测)It is the stable and comfortable life wherethat has destroyed the young mans ambition to be a great explorer.1.倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；2强调句型中it或that的误用；3感叹句中wha

17、t和how 的误用；4祈使句中动词原形的误用；5there be句型中be动词单复数的误用。(对应学生用书第226页)倒装句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2015天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 【导学号：33220125】2(2017渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands(stand) a temple where the old man once lived.单句改错(福建高考)Not until h

18、e went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.在hardship后加did再解读要点1完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。(重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one o

19、f the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。2部分倒装(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。(3)so/neither 助动词/be动词/情态动词主语 意为“也是如此/也不”。(4)在not only.but (also).句型中，若not only置

20、于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。(5)not until.置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。(6)so.that.和such.that.句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。(2016江苏高考)Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。(湖南高考)Only after they had discussed the matter for sev

21、eral hours did they reach a decision.他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。强调句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2016天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.2(2015重庆高考)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.单句改错(四川高考)Was i

22、t because Jack came late for school which Mr.Smith got angry?whichthat再解读要点1陈述句式：It is/was.that/who.(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it.that/who.?特殊疑问句：疑问词is/was it that.?(2017天津高考) It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。(四川高考

23、)Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2“not.until.”的强调句：It is/was not until.that.(注意时态)(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的

24、天气。易错警示强调谓语动词，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。其他常考特殊句式先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2015北京高考)If accepted(accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.2(2017山西太原调研)There seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.单句改错1(2017福建质检)Failing for the first time has

25、 made him come to know what important a second chance is.whathow 【导学号：33220126】2Standing on the top of the tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.StandingStand再解读要点一、省略1状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。(湖南高考)Childre

26、n，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。2不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。(2016江苏高考)Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们

27、不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。(陕西高考)If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。3特殊的省略结构：if省略结构if so如果这样的话if not如果不是这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话if a

28、ny如果有的话二、感叹句1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词主语谓语！ (2)What(adj.)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！2how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an单词名词主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！(辽宁高考)What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would

29、face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。三、祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。(2017北京东城期末)Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。祈使句and/or简单句名词词组(多含有more，another)and简单句(全国大纲卷)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know

30、 the lab result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。Start out right away，or well miss the first train.立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。四、there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事Th