K12通用版中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义.docx

1、K12通用版中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义非谓语动词学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师： 授课日期授课时段08：00-10:00授课主题非谓语动词教学内容课前回顾1.单词默写2.作业讲解知识梳理知识点1：非谓语动词一、动词不定式（重点）1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子

2、中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1）作主语 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 【说明】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb. It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth. 辨析：Its for sb.和 Its of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, di

3、fficult, interesting, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： You a

4、re nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.(人是困难的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。)2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher. 补充：常见可用不定式做表语的名词（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim）3）作宾语 Most of us like to watch football matches. 补充：当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。常构成以下句型（sb

5、 think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）4）作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.5）作定语 I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语 He stopped to have a look.补充：对作状语的不定式to do 提问，用疑问代词why【说明】动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成 例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him not to shut the windo

6、w 典型例题 Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth. 4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) H

7、ow to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) 5、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work t

8、he whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）so as (not) to do/in order(not) to: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 7、不定式的难点： 用

9、作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。 二、动词的-ing形式： 1动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1)动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆

10、不喜欢吃巧克力。She cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。【说明】 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。【记忆口诀】“Le pm KFC AD”：look forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish

11、、cinsider、Admit 、deny 2动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 3比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般

12、都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A.stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doing C. remember to do remember doing

13、 D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing F. continue to do continue doing随堂练习1. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meet

14、ing.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do

15、 it D. do not do5. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating n

16、ot C. not to eat D. not eating8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone

17、 C. going D. having gone10. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading12. The purp

18、ose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the pl

19、an that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old cou

20、ple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen17. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it

21、what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked20. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walki

22、ng in21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bike.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady said she would buy a gift for he

23、r daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing25. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in

24、 the United States.A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure27. Finding her car st

25、olen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. ma

26、king C. to have made D. having made29. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where;

27、 improving D. when; improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having

28、 given33. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor chil

29、dren.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up36. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled38.

30、 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting39. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and t