新目标英语八年级下册Units 1.docx

1、新目标英语八年级下册Units 1新目标英语八年级下册Units 1-5 知识详解2011-05-19 00:00:00|分类： 八年级下册1-5单 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 Unit 1 Will people have robots?Section A1. Do you think (that) there will be robots in peoples homes?你认为人们家里将会有机器人吗？（1）主从复合句。主句：Do you think?宾语从句：there will be，引导词：that（省略）。从句语序：陈述语序（即：主语谓语.）。如：I think (that) Ja

2、ck is from America.（2）there be 句型：a. therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。 (将来时，be going to表计划)There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。 （过去时）There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。 （现在完成时，表动作的持续。）There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 （将来时）There is a book on the desk

3、.课桌上有本书。（现在，表目前的状态。）b. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There are some students and

4、a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。c. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。d. There is no

5、doing. (口语)不可能.There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。（3）person, people, man 的区别：person指人，是可数名词。指具体的人，侧重于个体，无男女性别之分，常和数词连用，一般用于数目不大且比较精确的场合。例如：A young person came in. 一位年轻人走了进来。person还可以表示身体；容貌；风度等，是不可数名词，无复数形式。例如：She is small and neat o

6、f person. 她长得娇小玲珑。people 泛指人们，是集体名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Some people speak French in this country. 在这个国家一部分人讲法语。the people意为人民。例如：We study hard for the people. 我们为人民努力学习。people还可表示民族；种族，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。例如：There are fifty-six peoples in China.中国有56个民族。man指男人，与女人woman相对，其复数形式为men。有时用来泛指一般的人，无男女性别之分，意为

7、(任何)人。例如：Any man could do this thing. 谁都能做这件事。（4）family虽然也译为“家”，但它指的是家庭成员，如父母、子女、妻子、丈夫、兄妹等，一般不涉及房屋。How many people in Simons family? 西蒙家有几口人？His family are all fond of listening to the music. 他家人都喜欢听音乐。house是指居住的建筑物（房屋，住宅），可以购买、出租或出售。He has bought a house in America. 他在美国买了一幢房子。My house is Number 34

8、, East Street. 我家在东街34号。home是指家庭成员所居住的那种环境或与房屋有关的“家”。They have a charming home in London. 他们在伦敦有一个可爱的家。He left home at the age of sixteen. 他十六岁离开了家。She gave up her job and stayed at home to care for her children. 她放弃了工作，留在家里照看孩子们。East，west，home is best. 金窝，银窝，不如自家的草窝。【注】在美语中，有时也作“房子;房屋（house）”解。如：Ho

9、mes for sale. 房屋待售。2. I think every home will have a robot.我认为家家都会有一个机器人。（1）一般将来时a用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner.晚餐我们要吃鱼。We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.后天我们要到另一家宾馆。这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根

10、据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going?B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.b用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter? 你打算去寄那封信？How long is he going to stay here? 他打算在这呆多久？I am going to book a ticket.我要预定一张

11、票。另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.天要下雨了。George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.乔治正在长胖，他将变得很胖。c. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。You will feel better after taking this medicine.Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图.I will not ( = wont ) lend the book to you.我不会把书借给你的

12、。Take it easy，I will not ( = wont ) do it any longer. 别着急，我再也不会这样做了。基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?d. will/ shall当主语为第一人称（I或we）时，可用will或shall，即“will/ shall+动词原形”，will notwont，shall notshant

13、。疑问句式：Will/ Shall主语动词原形其他？I shall visit my aunt next week. 下周我将去看望我的姑姑。Will you go swimming tomorrow?明天你去游泳吗？（2）every与each两者都有“每个”的意思，但用法不同：a. each具有名词和形容词的功能，every只有形容词的功能。b. each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every是指三个以上的人或事物的“全体”，和all的意思相近。如：He gave a book to each of his parents.他给他父母各送了一本书。Every comrade wa

14、s there and each did his work.每个同志都在那儿，各人做各人的工作。c. every总是修饰单数名词，后接单数动词。Every man and woman knows that.每个男人和女人都知道那事。d. each作为形容词，修饰单数名词，接单数动词。作为代词，单独使用，接单数动词；放在复数名词和代词后作同位语，接复数动词。each of them后可接单数或复数动词。如：Each man carries his own bag. （修饰单数名词）各人背自己的包。We each have our own office. (作We的同位语)我们各有各的办公室。Ea

15、ch carries his own bag. (代词)各人背自己的包。Each of them are/is here. (代词)他们每个人都在这儿。e. 代表each和every的物主代词可以用his, 也可以用their。如：Each carried their/his own bag. 各人背他们/他自己的包。3. People wont use money. Everything will be free.人们将不再使用钱，一切都将是免费的。freeadj. 免费的，免税的All these things are free. 所有这些都是免费的。freeadj. 自由的，空闲的He

16、gets a free afternoon once a week.他每周有一个下午闲着。He wants to be free. 他想得到自由。注：free表“自由的”时有比较等级freer/ freest。表“免费的，空闲的”时没有比较等级。4. People will live to be 200 years old.人们将会活到200岁。(1). live to be + 基数词 + years old：活到岁I think he can live to be 90 years old.我想他能够活到90岁。(2). livev. 居住；生活；活I live in Shantou. L

17、i Lei lives on a farm.我居住在汕头，李雷住在农场。(3). liveadj.（动、植物）活着的，有生命的；实况播送的，用于名词前作定语。a live fish一条活鱼 a live radio programme一个无线电实况广播节目5. Will people use money in 100 years? 100年后人们还使用钱吗？in 100 years 100年后 in three days 三天后表示“在（从现在算起一段时间之）后”，用于将来时。He will finish the work in two hours.两小时后他将完成那项工作。in, after

18、区别in后接时间段，表示“在以后”，用于将来时。如：My father will be back in two weeks. 我父亲两周以后就回来。而after后接时间段，用于过去时。如：They got there after two days. 两天后他们到了那儿。但是after后面跟时间点，则可以用于将来时。如：The train will arrive after five oclock. 火车将在五点以后到达。6. There will be more/ less/ fewer people.将会有更多/更少/更少的人。（1）more是many和much的比较级，其后可跟复数或不可数

19、名词，表“更多”。He wants to get more money.他想挣更多的钱。（2）less是little的比较级，其后跟不可数名词，表“较少的，更少的”。最高级least。There is less water in the glass.那个杯子里的水更少。（3）fewer是few的比较级，其后跟复数名词，表“较少的，更少的”。最高级fewest。He has fewer friends in that school.在那所学校里他的朋友较少。7. There will be more/ less/ fewer pollution.污染将会更多/更少/更少。pollution un

20、countable noun污染；污染物air pollution 空气污染noise pollution噪音污染There is a lot of pollution in the air here.这里的空气含有大量的污染物。pollution的动词形式是pollute，表“污染；弄脏”，过去式polluted，现在分词polluting。All these waste products are polluting the river.所有这些废物正在污染着这条河。8. Well, I dont agree. But I think there will be fewer trees.哦，

21、我不同意（你的看法），但我认为树将会更少。agree在本句中作动词，I dont agree是一句交际用语，表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，如果表赞成，则为I agree。1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?I dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。2) 表示“同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)”时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。egI agree to your idea

22、我同意你的想法。My plan was agreed to by all of them 他们所有的人都同意我的计划。3) 表示“就取得一致意见”用agree on(或upon)，指“两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议”。egThey both agreed on the date for the meeting他们双方都同意开会的日期。4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示“同意做某事”。They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他们同意明天下午动身。9. What sport will she play? 她将做什么运动？play sport 做

23、运动They often play sport after school. 他们常常放学后做运动。注：作定语时，要用复数sportsa sports meeting一场运动会 the sports field运动场sports shoes运动鞋 sports news体育新闻a sports center一个体育中心a sports car一辆跑车Unit 1 Will people have robots?Section B1. Ill fly rockets to the moon. 我将乘火箭飞向月球。fly rockets乘火箭飞行fly的用法：(1)、fly v.飞，飞行。过去式fl

24、ew，过去分词flown，现在分词flying，第三人称单数flies。Time flies!光阴似箭!日月如梭! fly the kites 放风筝fly to (Hong Kong)飞往香港，乘飞机去香港(2)、fly n.苍蝇，可数名词，复数flies。There are two flies on the wall. 墙上有两只苍蝇。2. Ill live on a space station.我将住在太空站。On a space station在太空站3. , because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.因

25、为去年我去了上海并喜欢上它了。fall in love with爱上/喜欢上(某人或某物) 指从没有爱意到产生爱意的转变，是瞬间动词，不可与how long和for two years等连用After working gogether for many years, they fell in love with each other.他们在一起工作多年后彼此相爱了。She fell in love with the house as soon as she saw it.她一见到这所房子就喜欢上它了。注：be in love with 与相爱着，指处于恋爱状态中，可以与段时间连用。They h

26、ave been in love with each other for two years.他们彼此相爱已经有两年了。fall behind落在(的)后面，跟不上 fall down倒下，掉下As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.C)表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。如:I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a

27、loud cry.D) 后接名词表示某一年龄段时,用as。如:As a young man, he was active in sports.(3)、as用作连词引导原因状语从句as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是因为，由于，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作既然。例如：He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定会成功，因为他很认真。Since you are so sure o

28、f it he”ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。(4)、as作连词引导让步状语从句as与although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是虽然，尽管，但它们有区别：although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；however引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。例如：Al

29、though he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他虽然年纪相当大，仍然每天慢跑。Strange as it may seem，it is true尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。(4)、as用于一些固定结构中：A、as.as的用法as.as意为和一样，表示同级的比较

30、。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarte

31、r等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。B、as.as possible 尽可能Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。C、as.as usual/before像往常/以前一样She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。5. I think Ill live in an apartment wih my best friends, because I dont like living alone.我想我会和我最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因为我不喜欢一个人居住。alone和lonely的用法：A.alone可作形容词和副词，意为单独的(地)，独自的(地)。用作形容词时，一般作表语而不作定语，强调的是单独，没有别的