人文知识概况.docx

1、人文知识概况一，英语国家地理 美国主要城市（4个地区，15个城市） 城市名称地理位置 城市地位特点Washington,D.C.northeast national capital,District of ColumbiaNew Yorknortheast largest city, financial center, headquarters of United NationsBostonnortheast cultural center, site of Harvard, MIT, etc.Philadelphianortheast symbol of American revolutio

2、n, location of Continental Congress and Independence HallBaltimorenortheast Chicagomidwest Beside Great LakesDetroitmidwest Beside Great Lakes, auto industry center, headquarters of biggest three auto companiesLos Angeles west largest in the west, film industry center, site of HollywoodSan Francisco

3、 westChinese AmericansSeattle westCapital of Washington State, headquarter of MicrosoftHouston southlargest in the south, located in Texas, Space City航空城Austin southcapital of TexasDellas southTexasMiami southFloridaOrlandosouthFlorida(注意：首都华盛顿在华盛顿特区，不是在华盛顿州；纽约市不是纽约州首府；微软总部在西雅图，不是在硅谷silicon valley)美

4、国城市口诀：东北，大西洋沿岸（纽华费巴波） 西部，太平洋沿岸（西洛西斯科）,中西部（底特芝加哥）,南部（奥休达迈多） 加拿大主要城市地图 （2个地区，3个省，5个城市） 城市名称地理位置地位特点 OttawaEast, , in Ontorio provincecapital TorontoEast, , in Ontorio provincelargest city, in Ontorio province VancourWest, inBritish Columbiaprovincethird largest city MontrealEast, inQuebecprovinceSecon

5、d largest city QuebecEast, inQuebecprovincecapital city ofQuebecprovince英国和爱尔兰主要城市地图（2个国家，4个地区,14个城市）不列颠群岛主要城市列表城市地理位置城市概况LondonEnglandcapital and largest city ofUKBirminghamEnglandsecond largest cityPortsmouthEnglandnaval baseLeedsEnglandFinancial industryManchesterEnglandwool and textile industryL

6、iverpoolEnglandimportant port cityNewcastleEnglandmining industryCardiffWalescapital and largest city of WalesSwanseaWalessecond largest city of WalesEdinburghScotlandcapital of Scotland, second largest cityGlasgowScotlandlargest city of ScotlandAberdeenScotlandmost important port of ScotlandDublinI

7、relandcapital and largest city of Ireland,CorkIrelandsecond largest city of Ireland澳大利亚主要城市(4方海岸，7个城市) 城市名称地理位置地位特点 CanberraEast coastCapital, inNew South Wales SydneyEastern coastLargest city, capital of New South Wales MelbournSoutheast coastSecond largest city, capital of Victoriastate BrisbaneEa

8、stern coastCapital of Queens landstate AdelaideSouthern coastCapital of South Australiastate PerthWestern coastCapital of West Australiastate DarwinNorthern coastCapital of Northern Territory（首都是Canberra，最大城市是Sydney）新西兰主要城市地图（2个岛，4个城市）城市名称地理位置地位特点WellingtonNorthIslandCapital ofNew ZealandAucklandNor

9、thIslandLargest city ofNew Zealand HamiltonNorthIslandFourth largest city oChristchurchSouth IslandLargest city ofSouth Island（首都是Wellington, 最大城市是Auckland）Full nameNational daynational flagNational anthemcharacteristicAnimals & plantsriverslandscapesEthnic groupsUnited States Of America7.4Star Span

10、gled BannerStar Spangled Banner Mississipi（最长最重要，美国东西方分界线）Grand Canyon(大峡谷), Niagura Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布，五大湖区)Indians United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Union JackGod Save the Queen Severn(塞文河，最长)Thames（泰晤士河，最重要）Stonehenge(巨石阵, 英国南部的Wiltshire威特郡)Iberians, Beakers, Celts, Romans, Anglo-Sa

11、nxons Canada Maple Leaf FlagCanadamapleMackenzie（麦肯齐河，最长）St. Lawrence (圣劳伦斯河，最重要) EskimosCommonwealthOfAustralia1.26 AdvanceAustraliaFairGolden Watttles(金合欢花)，Kangeroo(袋鼠)Murray(墨累河，最长)Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁，东北海岸)AboriginesNew Zealand2.6 God Save the QueenSilver Fern (银蕨)Kiwi（几维鸟）Waikato（怀卡托河，最长，位于北

12、岛 MaorisTheRepublicofIreland3.17 Soldiers SongWhite Clover(白三叶草)Shannon（香侬河，最长） 二，英国文学刘炳善版英国文学Part 1. Old and medieval Beowulf 贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.William Langland 威廉。兰格伦Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利

13、乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集-英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）his contribution to English poetry: introduced from France the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet), is the first great poet who wrote in

14、the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part 2. The English renaissanceThomas More托马斯。莫尔Utopia乌托帮Philip Sidney菲力普。锡德尼Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。斯宾塞The Fairy Queen 仙后 The Shepherdss Calender 牧羊人日历Francis Bacon培根

15、1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Mans Self）The founder of English materialist philosophyChristopher Marlowe克里斯托夫。马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝 Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人William Shakespe

16、are莎士比亚1564-1616The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Loves Labours Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记

17、;Alls Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winters Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life

18、 of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cle

19、opatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Great Tragedies: The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗King Lear李尔王; The Tragedy of

20、 Macbeth麦克白;The Later Comedies(romances): Pericles波里克利斯; Cymbeline辛白林; The Winters Tale冬天的故事; The Tempest暴风风雨;Part 3. The English Bourgeois revolution periodJohn Milton约翰弥尔顿1608-1674LAllegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯; Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo

21、Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrims Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生John Donne 约翰.多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions(The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry)John

22、 DrydenAll for Love Antonyand Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic PoesyPart 4. The eighteenth CenturyJoseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign 远征； 剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险Richard Steele理查德斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essa

23、y on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapiers Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guillivers Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage

24、to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)Danniel Defoe丹尼尔迪福1660-1731（标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记Samuel Richard

25、son理查逊Pamela帕美拉 Clarissa Harlowe克拉瑞莎 Sir Charles Grandison 格兰迪生Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟安

26、德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚Richard Bringsley Sheridan理查德.谢立丹The School for Scandal造谣学校The Rivals情敌Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰生1709-1784A Dictionary of the English Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasse

27、las拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱Thomas Gray托马斯.格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌William Blake布莱克1757-1827Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真

28、之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem 名诗：London;The TigerRobert Burns彭斯1759-1796Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willies Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Hearts

29、in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰安德生,My Jo;A Mans A Man for AThat不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruces March to BannockburnPart 5. Romanticism in EnglandWilliam Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯1770-1850An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Wa

30、ys;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足;The Prelude序曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia

31、 Literaria文学传记Robert Southey骚塞Joan of Arc Wat TylerGeorge Gordon Byron乔治拜伦1788-1824Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos