下册Lesson9.docx

1、下册Lesson9Lesson NineThe English Character打印本页一、词汇Word Listcharacter （人等的）性格，特性，特征quality 特性，特征quality 质量；quantity 数量reserved 缄默的，矜持的reserve 缄默，矜持emotion 情感，激情tend 易于，有的倾向compartment （火车车厢的）小隔间reluctance 不情愿，勉强形容词：reluctance；用法：be reluctant to do sth. 不情愿做某事communicate 交流，交往unfortunate 令人遗憾的；不幸的impre

2、ssion 印象 coldness 冷淡，冷漠generosity 慷慨，大方，宽容；形容词：generoushospitality 好客，殷勤待客barrier 障碍Welsh & 威尔士人；威尔士的foreigner 外国人related 有关的，相联系的modesty 谦虚，谦恭conceited 自负的，高傲的proud 骄傲conceit 自负，自大，自高自大value 尊重；重视，珍视self - praise 自夸self - dispraise 自贬impolite 不礼貌的 tennis 网球player 运动员，选手final 决赛local 地方的，本地的；局部的cham

3、pionship 锦标赛；冠军称号，冠军身份suggest 委婉地表示，暗示starting - point 起点failure 失败ideal 理想，崇尚之物commonly 一般地，通常地highly 非常，极为，高度地 prize 珍视，高度重视mere 仅仅的，只不过cruel 无情的，残忍的disrespectful 无礼的，不尊敬的 respective 各自的malicious 恶毒的cripple 伤残人，瘸子madman 疯子honorable 高尚的；可敬的nature 天性，性格typical 典型的，有代表性的secretly 私下地；秘密地excitable 易兴奋的

4、，易激动的reliable 可靠的，可信赖的rely on 依靠flowery （语言）矫揉造作的，过分华丽的orally 口头地，口述地uncomfortably （令人）不舒服地sportsmanship 运动家品格；公平和宽容的风度entirely 完全地boxing 拳击（运动）rugby （英式）橄榄球（运动）hockey （冰上）曲棍球cricket 板球（运动）essence 本质，精髓opponent （比赛、辩论等的）对手；敌手temper 心境，脾气lose ones temper to朝某人发脾气pressure 压力moreover 此外，并且apply 适用于，运用于

5、sporting 有关体育运动的term 术语，专门用语well - aimed 目的正确的elementary 基本的，初步的misfortune 不幸，厄运surprisingly 令人惊奇地，惊人地二、课文分析The English Character1To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is reserved. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to stranger

6、s, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited：在其他欧洲人看来，英国人，尤其是英格兰人，最著称的特点是其“缄默”。一个缄默的人不大与陌生人交谈，感情不大外露，也很少情绪激昂。seldom 很少、极少I have seldom seen such rude behavior. 我很少见到这种粗野的行为。It is difficult to get to get to know a reserved person: he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work

7、with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that：你想了解一个很矜持的人是很困难的：他从来不会告诉你关于他自己的一些事情，你有可能和这样一个人在一起工作多年，而不知道他住在哪里，有几个孩子，对什么感兴趣。英国人往往就是这样。tend to do 倾向于Women tend to live longer than men. 妇女一般比男子长寿。2If the

8、y are making a journey by bus they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment.：他们乘公共汽车时，总是想方设法找一个空座，乘火车时，就尽量找个没人的隔间。If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, person

9、al questions like How old are you? or even What is your name? are not easily asked：如果他们不得不和其他人共享一个包厢，那么他们可能一起旅行了很多英里，却没有和对方说一句话。即使开始交谈了，但是有关个人情况的问题，如“您多大年纪？”甚至“您贵姓？”是不轻易问的。3This reluctance to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways since it tends to give the impression of cold

10、ness, and it is true that the English（except perhaps in the North）are not noted for their generosity and hospitality：从某些方面来说，这种不愿与他人交往的特性是令人遗憾的事，因为这往往给人一种冷漠的印象。英国人（也许除北方人之外）不以慷慨大方、殷勤好客而著称。be noted for 以而著名The chef was noted for his chocolate cakes.那位厨师以制作巧克力蛋糕著称。On the other hand, they are perfectly

11、 human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down：不过话说回来，他们虽然外表难以接近，却也很有人情味，要是一位友善的陌生人或外国人一时冲破了这一障碍，英国人可能也会十分高兴。break sth down：克服（障碍），冲破（阻力）We may also mention at this point that the people of the N

12、orth and West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the South and East：说到这里，或许我们也该提一句，（英国的）北部和西部的人，特别是威尔士人，远不像南部和东部的人那样缄默（英国的北部是苏格兰，西部是威尔士）。be no less.than 和一样The boys in our class are no less capable than the girls.我们班上的男生和女生一样能干。4Closely related to English reserve is English

13、modesty：与英国人的缄默紧密相关的是英国人的谦逊。Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty：在内心深处，英国人的高傲自负一点也不比别的民族少,但在他人交往中,他们注重谦逊,起码要表现出谦逊的姿态。value 重视I value Lao Wangs friendship highly. 我非常重视与老王的友情。show 做秀，

14、做出的姿态He made a show of interest, but he didnt really like what he saw.他装作感兴趣的样子，其实他并不喜欢所看到的情况。Self - praise is felt to be impolite：自夸被认为是没有礼貌的表现。If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply Yes, because people will think him concei

15、ted：比如说，有一个人网球打得很好，要是有人问他是不是个好手，他不大会回答说“是的，我很棒”，因为这样一来，别人就会认为他自傲。He will probably give an answer like,Im not bad, or I think Im very good,orWell, Im very keen on tennis.（i.e. Im very fond of it.）：他有可能会回答说“马马虎虎”，或“我自己觉得还得”，或“哦，我挺喜欢打网球的”。Even if he had managed to reach the finals in last years local c

16、hampionships, he would say it in such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck：即使他去年已在当地的网球锦标赛中打入了决赛，他也会说得似乎那只是碰上了好运气。be due do 因为，原因是Her good grades are due to her hard work. 她的好成绩是靠勤奋学习获得的。The game was postponed due to rain. 比赛因下雨而延期。5The famous English sense of humor is si

17、milar：著名的英国式幽默感也与此相似。Its starting - point is self - dispraise, and its great enemy is conceit：其出发点是自贬，其大敌是自负。Its object is the ability to laugh at oneself - at ones own faults, ones own failure, even at ones own ideals：其目的是能够自嘲，嘲笑自身的缺点，自己的失败，以至自己的理想与追求。The criticism, He has no sense of humor is very

18、 commonly heard in Britain, where humor is highly prized.“这个人没有幽默感”类似这样的批评在英国经常可以听得到。因为在英国人们非常重视幽默感。A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes：幽默感其实是对生活的一种态度，而不仅仅指听到趣事能开怀大笑。rather than = instead ofThis attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious.

19、 The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, or a tragedy or an honorable failure：这一态度决非冷酷，决非恶毒取笑残疾人或疯子，也不会对一件不幸的或虽败犹荣的事幸灾乐祸。6Since reserve, a show of modesty and a sense of humor are part of his own nature, the typical Englishman tends to expect them in others：由于缄默、谦虚表现以及幽默感是其天性（的一部分），典型的英国人

20、往往期望别人也具有这些品质。He secretly looks down on more excitable nations, and likes to think of himself as more reliable than they：他心底里看不起那些很容易激动的民族，并认为自己比那些人更老成可靠。He doesnt trust big promises and open shows of feelings, especially if they are expressed in flowery language：他不相信言过其实的允诺，过于外露感情，对于用华丽的辞藻做出的承诺和表达出

21、来的感情尤其不会轻信。He doesnt trust self - praise of any kind. This applies not only to what other people may tell him about themselves orally, but to the letters they may write to him：他对任何形式的自诩之词均持怀疑的态度，对当面向他自夸的人是如此，对在信中向他自夸的也是如此。To those who are fond of flowery expressions, the Englishman may appear uncomf

22、ortably cold：在那些喜欢华丽辞藻的人看来，英格兰人显得分冷漠，使人感到别扭。7Finally, sportsmanship. Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to：最后，运动家的品质。和幽默感一样，这是一种英国式的理想品质，尽管并非每个人英格兰人都能做到这点。live up to 遵守He tried to live up to his principles. 他努力遵守自己的原则。He lived up to his promises, and pai

23、d off his debts within a year.他信守承诺，一年之内还清了债务。It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention：我们应该认识到，现代形式的体育运动几乎全是英国人的发明。Boxing, rugby, football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in Britain：拳击、橄榄球、足球、曲棍球、网球运动、板球等运动形式都是首先在英国

24、开展起来的，并在英国制定出比赛规则。Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to ones opponent and good temper in defeat：规则反映了体育运动的本质，而运动员的风度，就是能够遵循规则去进行比赛，同时又能对对手宽大为怀，失败时能心平气和。The high pressure of modern international sp

25、ort makes these ideals difficult to keep, but they are at least highly valued in Britain and are certainly achieved there more commonly than among more excitable peoples：现代国际体育竞赛的巨大压力使得这种体育风范难以保持，不过，在英国，至少还能予以高度的重视，而且英国人比起那些轻易激动的民族，在身体力行方面，做得更好。Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life

26、in general：此外，公平和宽容的风度作为理想准则也适用于日常生活。This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech. Everybody talks of fair play and playing the game or playing fair.这一点已经被一系列用日常用语表示的体育词汇所证明了。每个人都会谈论“公平竞争”、“按规则进行比赛”、“公平地进行比赛”。这一组短语意思相近。指遵循规则和公认的标准，公平地进行比赛。这些短语后来引伸为“公正地行事”。Borrowed from boxi

27、ng, straight from the shoulder is used to describe a well - aimed, strong criticism and below the belt is used to describe an unfair one：成语“直接出击”起源于拳击运动，用来表示一针见血措辞严厉的批评。“击打腰带以下”则用来表示不公平的批评。One of the most elementary rules of life is never hit a man when hes down - in other words, never take advantag

28、e of a persons misfortune：生活的最基本的准则之一是“决不打已经倒在地上的人”，也就是说，决不落井下石。English schoolboys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other：英国中小学里的男生相处时，常常极大地表现出这种运动员风度。三、语法与练习 （一）Useful Expressionsin particular 尤其是，特别是tend to do 易于做某事，有做的倾向make a journey 旅行share with 与共享communicate with 与交流be noted for 以而闻名或著称on the other hand 另一方面succeed in sth. /doing sth. 做成某事break down 冲破，克服；捣毁be related to 与相关be good at 擅长于be keen on/about sth./doing sth. 非常喜欢，热衷于be fond of 喜欢live up to 遵从（原则等）；达到的标准in other word