语法专题讲座.docx

1、语法专题讲座 第一讲名词名词词义辨析，包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1(2013湖北高考)Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.AperspectiveBpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participat

2、ion“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。2(2012湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾的征兆很重要，眼疾可能事先没有任何症状。symptom“症状”，符合句意。similarity“类似”；sample“样本”；shadow“阴影

3、”。3(2013辽宁高考)The accident caused some _ to my car, but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage解析：选D考查名词辨析。根据后面的its nothing serious可知，造成的破坏不严重，所以不能选择ruin“毁灭，废墟”；damage意为“破坏，损坏”，意思是说破坏的程度不是很严重，往往修理之后仍然可以使用。harm意为“伤害，损害”；injury意为“受伤害”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害。4(2012山东高考)My first _ of him was that he was a k

4、ind and thoughtful young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfaction Dimpression解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。first impression“第一印象”。expression“表达；表情”；attention“注意”；satisfaction“满意”。名词构成的固定搭配，尤其是高频的“动词名词”与“介词名词”的短语搭配5(2013湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents he

5、at from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference BcomparisonCconnection Dbarrier解析：选D考查名词辨析。句意：二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使大气里的热量不容易释放出去，于是地球将会变得更暖。根据句意可知，barrier“障碍，屏障”正确。difference“分歧，区别”；comparison“比较”；connection“联系”。6(2013江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cul

6、tures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead解析：选C考查名词辨析。根据句中的for the better可知，美国的饮食文化将向更好的方面转变，因此选turn。share“份额”；chance“机会”；lead“榜样”。考点三名词的一词多义与熟词新义7(山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief Bsafety Cdefense Dshelter解析：

7、选A句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意， relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。8(2011江西高考)Whats the_， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? Asympathy BthemeCobject Dpoint解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他的目的是什么呢？whats the p

8、oint of.表示“的目的(意图)是什么？” 。sympathy“ 同情”；theme“主题”； object“物体”，均与句意不符。 一、名词词义辨析1形近词的词义辨析symptom(症状)similarity(类似)sample(样本) shadow(影子)sympathy(同情) symbol(象征，符号)symptom(症状) system(系统)commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) company(陪伴)2相同词缀的名词辨析expression(表达；表情) attention(注意)satisfaction(满意) impre

9、ssion(印象)expectation(期望) reputation(声誉)contribution(贡献) civilization (文明)accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏)equipment(设备) arrangement(安排)assessment(评估，估算) entertainment(娱乐)3意义相近词的辨析strength(长处) talent(天赋)ability(能力) skill(技能)advice questionoffer ideaanger rudenessregre

10、t panic(惊慌)“Tommy, run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice.(2011湖北高考)“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意)envy(羡慕) patience(耐心)difference comparison(比较)connection barrier(屏障，障碍)luck valuetime factWhenever I made

11、 mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.(2013江西高考)无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。二、名词的固定搭配1动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解The doctor is skilled at treati

12、ng heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(江苏高考)这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of touch 与无联系beyond recognition 辨认不出来The Harry Potter books are quite popular, they are in great demand in t

13、his city.(2012全国卷)哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。三、抽象名词具体化1表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素failure失败失败的人或事物 surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that give

14、s them pleasure.(2012福建高考)对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar糖a sugar一块糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair一根头发I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把

15、茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手机上。你决不该把饮料放到手机附近。1.(2014荆州质检)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language _ directly and effectively.AregulationBconventionCpattern Dbarrier解析：选D句意：词汇的注释非常精确，能够直接有效地帮助读者打破语言障碍。regulation“规则，条例”；convention“惯例，常规”；pattern“模式，方式”；barrier“障碍”。根据句意可

16、知D项正确。2Diplomatic _ have been more frequent in recent years, but these troubles cannot make up major obstacles to Chinas further rise.Aprivileges BdisputesCservices Dimmunities解析：选B句意：近年来，外事争端更频繁，但这些麻烦事并不能构成中国未来崛起的主要障碍。privilege“特权”；dispute“争端；争议”；service“服务”；immunity“免除；豁免；免疫力”。3The _ of todays you

17、ng people to marry and bear children at late age drew great attention from socialists as well as government.Acircumstance BtendencyCcivilization Dpresentation解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：当今年轻人晚婚晚育的趋势引起了政府和社会学家的极大关注。circumstance“环境；境遇”；tendency“倾向；趋势”；civilization“文明”；presentation“出示；介绍会；赠送仪式”。4(2014宜昌调研)It is not

18、 what you are thinking about but how you can put it into _ that counts.Apractice Battempt Cpermission Daccount解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：重要的不是你所想的，而是你如何能够付诸实践。put .into practice“将付诸行动”。5The crying baby eventually found _ in the arms of her mother, sleeping through the whole afternoon.Acomfort Badvantage Cconven

19、ience Dprescription解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：那个哭泣的婴儿最终在妈妈的怀抱中找到了安慰，睡了整整一下午。comfort“安慰；舒适”，符合句意。advantage“益处；优越性；有利条件；优势”；convenience“便利；有用的安排、设施”；prescription“指示；医生开的药；处方”。6Money doesnt necessarily buy happiness, so we can safely draw a conclusion that making fortune is not always a good _ for a happy life.Ach

20、allenge BcriterionCingredient Dqualification解析：选B句意：金钱不一定买到幸福，因此我们可以有把握地得出结论，赚钱不总是幸福生活的好标准。challenge“挑战”；criterion(pl.criteria)“标准”；ingredient“成分”；qualification“资格”。7Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.Aability Bcompe

21、titionCchallenge Dknowledge解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：当今世界，获取信息很容易，难在如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。8(2014武汉调研)I think some day he will drop out of the program, because a person like him with _ wont stay long in such a small firm.Adetermination BintentionCambition Dprofession解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：我认为，将来某天他会从这个项目中退

22、出，因为像他这样有志向的人不会在这家小公司待很长时间的。ambition“志向，抱负，雄心”，符合题意。determination“决心”；intention“意图，目的”；profession“职业，专业”。9A(n) _ is an official document offered by a university or other higher education provider when you have completed a course or training.Acertificate BidentityCpermit Dpassport解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：当你完成一

23、门课程或一项训练时，证书是一所大学或其他更高的教育机构提供给你的正式文件。certificate“证书，文凭”，符合题意。identity“身份”；permit“许可证，执照”；passport“护照”。10Confidence is more than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take _， rather than just let life happen.Aconsideration BeffectCresponsibility Daccount解析：选C考查动名搭配。句意：信心不只是一种态度；它来自承担

24、责任的一种强烈的义务，而不只是听天由命。 take . in consideration “考虑”；take effect“生效”；take responsibility“承担责任 ”；account“账目；记述；报告”。第二讲代词 考点一all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析1(2014武汉调研)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we _.(do)这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼

25、得。答案：cant do both 2(2014武昌区调研)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but I _ of them very much.(like)我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。答案：dont like either考点二it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析3(2012湖北高考)Our understanding of education, work and society is _ of the earlier generation.(different)我们对教育、工作和社会的认

26、识和我们上一代的不同。答案：different from/than that4(2014武汉调研)At our factory there are a few machines _ described in this magazine.(similar)我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。答案：(which are) similar to those/the ones考点三it的用法5(湖北高考)During his last lecture, the scientist_easier to explain the theory to those with some back

27、ground knowledge.(find)在他上次的演讲中，这位科学家觉得向那些有一些背景知识的人解释这一理论要容易些。答案：found it (was)6(湖北高考)_ that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)他突然想到他第二天上午要出席一次重要会议。答案：It occurred to him7(湖北高考)_ one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.(cost)上周我花了一千元买了那幅画。答案：It cost me一、it的用法

28、A lovely day, isnt it?Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk?天气不错，不是吗？是的，我非常喜欢这样的天气。出去走走怎么样？What an interesting story！Its the most impressive story Ive ever read.But Im sure it wont interest everybody.多么有趣的故事！它是我曾经读过的印象最深刻的故事。但是我确信它不会使每个人都感兴趣。He didnt make it clear whe

29、n and where the meeting would be held.他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚。When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.(2012全国卷)今天早晨萨拉及时到达机场，赶上了飞机。it的主要用法1指代时间、距离、自然现象等。2指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物，也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。3it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing形式、名词性从句。4表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。5it的高频搭配When it comes to .当涉及make it成功；确定时间为(后接时间类名