怎样分类选择句式用语.docx

1、怎样分类选择句式用语 怎样分类选择句式用语(How to CIassifySelect Useful Sentence Patterns)科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。那么，常用的句型、句式怎样分类比较科学?通常用到的句式为哪些类型?各种类型又有哪些基本表达方法?所有这些问题，都拟在本章内例述和研讨。 第一节 分类的指导思想 (Why&How to Classify Sentence Patterns)一、为什么分类(Why to Classify Sentence Pattern。) 1有利于避免不必要的重复 许多有用的

2、句型，通常出现在科学论文的不同部分，如表示研究目的用语，不仅在论文摘要中用到，而且在引言、讨论、甚至结论等部分都会用到。如果我们在讲述怎样写作各部分时都列举类似的用语，势必造成重复、赘述。现在把它们集中起来分类例述，就能避免不必要的重复。 2有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达 把英、美人写作论文曲的句式用语集中地进行分类选择，有利于广大专业技术人员学习、模仿比较地道、规范的英语表达，有利于节约时间，避免费力耗时地造出“蹩脚的”、甚至“中国式”的英语表达。3有利于写作中的多样化表达 把表达相同或相似概念的不同表达方式集中分类，便于写作中选择、比较，有利于交替使用不同的句型，避免句式单调、用词单一，实

3、现表达多样。4符合科学论文的写作规律 因为常用的句型是写作中客观存在的，它们的使用已基本上格式化了，而且使用的频率又很高，所以对常用的句式用语进行科学的分类，是一件有实用意义的工作。二、怎样分类(HOW to Classify Sentence Patterns) 1从逻辑思维角度考虑 人们总是首先提出问题，然后分析和解决问题，最后得出结果或结论。这可以看作是解决问题的一种“模式”。这种“模式”，也可作为我们分类选择句式用语时的指导思想。2从写作程式角摩考虑任何一篇科学论文的写作，大都要：指出其研究的目的，限定其讨论的范围，说明其理论的依据，描述其实验的步骤，介绍其工作的方法，展示其研究的结果

4、，作出科学的评价等。这种基本“程式”，正是我们分类选择句式用语的实践依据。 鉴于上述，我们在本章内对论文写作中常用的句式用语进行了分类，并选择了240余条例句供参考。俗语说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”我们深信，掌握英语科学论文写作中常用的句式用语，无疑会有助于科学论文的写作。 第二节 指出目的(Stating Primary Objectives)一、主要用场(Where to Use) 指出研究目的的句型用语在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言、讨论、结论等部分。 指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的是，“该项工作主要是关于”，“该项工作的主要

5、目的是”，“该项研究的主要目的是”，“该项实验主要是为了”等等。 二、常用句式(Useful Sentence Patterns)1本文的主要目的是 The purpose of this paper is The primary goal of this research is：” The intention of this paper is to survey The overall objective of this study is In this paper，was provided (given，illustrated) Our goal has been to provide I

6、n this paper，we aim at The emphasis of this study lies in2该项工作是关于 The present work is concerned with the processes underlying The above work deals with the mechanism involved in Our work at present is devoted to the changes occurring in The work we have done bears on the effect produced by The work

7、we are doing is closely related to the deliberations described in Compared with-the current research，the previous work was in connection with the investigation made by The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following The author are now initiating some experimental investi

8、gation to establish 0ur studies were performed to determine the amount of The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of3该项工作的主要目的是 The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of The main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of The major object

9、of their further work w。ill be research into the nature of Our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about The work which is being done now is designed to find some solution to the problem Of. Work of this kind has been started in order to assess the role of Previous w

10、ork in this area was initiated in the hope of obtaining data in We did this work hoping to establish- The authors undertook the work with a view to show- By doing this work we expect(ed) to demonstrate Doing this joint work, we intend(ed) to show- The primary objective of our work was to define the

11、reasons for redundantprotection systems and give examples of systems used in With research of many years ,the authors endeavour is to explain why in 4.该项研究的主要目的是The above mentioned work has been performed with a view of The chief aim of the present study is to find out The primary object of this fun

12、damental research will be to reveal the cause of The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of The study of was made in order to clarifyThe above study has been carried out to determineTheir (pioneer) studies were intended to elucidateThose earlier investigations are i

13、n hopes of providing evidence forWe performed this present study in the hope that we might bring to light some factsabout The authors attempted their studies in order that they mightWe undertook the above study to the end that we mightThey initiated the present study so that they might-Carrying out

14、this study we hope to find out Performing these studies the author intended to revealWith recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of We made these experiments in order to show a correlation betweenThe author attempted the set of experiment with a view to demonstrate certainpheno

15、menaExperiments on were made in order to measure the amount of Experiments involving have been carried out to determineExperiments using this technique are (not) under way to test (check)Experiments on are made to answer the question whetherThe experiment being made by our research group is aimed at

16、 obtaining the result of We have designed such an experiment for the purpose of 第三节、限定范围(Limiting Scope of Work)一、主要用场(Where to Use) 限定主题范围的句式用语?在英文科学论文中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。限定主题范围时的常用表达有；“该问题是关于的研究”，该问题在范围之内(外)“该问题涉及到范围”，“该问题可进一步推广到范围”等等。二、常用句式(Useful Sentence Patterns)1该问题是关于的研究 This problem is concerne

17、d(chiefly)with the study ofThe problem of.deals(1argely)with the determination of The problem they have advanced bears on the elucidation ofThe problem to be discussed in this paper is related closely with The problem described previously was directed to the example of,which differs fromThe problem

18、under investigati6n involves some significant agreements and disagreements in2.这是研究的问题 This is a problem concerned with the nature ofThis is a problem relating to the influence of This is a problem which deals with the role of This is a problem which bears on the effect ofThis is a problem in connec

19、tion withThis is a problem as mentioned previously in 3.该问题在范围之内(外)The problem is within the scope of0ur problem lies beyond therange of The problem you have just outlined seems to be outside of the province ofThe problem the authors have raised goes off the limits ofThe problem I have referred to，f

20、alls within the field ofThe problem under discussion is not within the scope of4.该项研究涉及到范围 Studies of these effects cover(ed)various aspects ofInvestigations oninvolve(d)also specific situations our studies with this technique are confined to one particular aspectMore recent studies by this worker w

21、ere chiefly concerned with the influence ofThe research on the conventional techniques explains well the phenomenon ofThe new findings from the experiment agree to the result 0btained in5.该研究进一步推广到范围The authors have extended their studies to some other related speciesWe hope to expand our investigat

22、ions to include other materialsThe research we have done deserves further studiesThe investigation carried out by the experts suggests an increase of the application in The approach under study predicates a wider range of application 第四节说明理论(Explaining the Theory)一、主要用场(Where to Use) 说明理论根据的句式用语，在英语

23、科学论文中常出现在引言、实验描述及讨论等部分。说明理论根据时的常用表达如下：“该理论是提出来的”，“该理论的内容(特点)是”，“根据该理论，可以得出”，“该理论认为”，“应用该理论能(或不能)说明等等。二、常用句型(Useful Sentence Patterns) 1该理论是提出来的The theory ofwas created 50 years agoThe alternative theory was constructed in 50sThe theory ofwas developed in the1930sThe theory ofwas elaborated in the ea

24、rly 70sThe theory ofwas formulatedas early as1900 The theory of was advanced as long ago as the 1860s.The theory ofwas put forward as far back as 1897 The theory ofwas proposed last year The theory ofwas suggested the year before last year2.该理论的内容(特点)是 Underlying this theory is the idea that The und

25、erlying concept of this theory is The underlying principle of the theory is as followsThis is an alternative theory that This is a similar theory to the effect that This is a working theory which is based on the idea thatA basic feature of this theory isThe fundamental feature of this theory is as f

26、ollowsThe theory is characterized byprove to be the outstanding features of the theory 3根据该理论，可得出 According to Bs theory both processes occur simultane6usly.AS follows from the theory by N, such situations lead to As can be seen from the theory advanced bysuch interactions are the basis ofIn the lig

27、ht of the theory，we have developed a variational method to handle such problems Based on the theory, the author has obtained sufficient information from recent experiments with 4.该理论认为The kinetic theory holds thatThis newlydeveloped theory maintains thatThe theory advanced byclaims thatThe theory of

28、predicts thatThe principal concept of the theory lies inThe investigating theory5.应用该理论(不)能说明、We can interpret these findings in terms of the above theoryWe cannot explain these phenomena using the above theoryWe can hardly explain these findings applying this theoryThese findings can be interpreted

29、 in terms of the above theory Such phenomena cannot be explained off the basis of this theoryThe theory can(not) apply to other cases ofThe theory developed byis valid(invalid)for other speciesXs theory proved to be true for all steps ofThe above theory has been verified by many other authors This v

30、ery peculiar theory can be applied to a wider range of experiments in 第五节描述实验(Describing Experiments) 一、主要用场(Where to Use) 描述实验过程的旬式用语，顾名思义常用在与实验有关的段落之中。描述实验情况时的常用表达为“该项实验具体包括”，“到，从未有过该项实验研究”，“进行该项实验，以便检验”，“该项实验证实(未能证实)，等等。 常用句式(Useful Sentence Patterns)1某项实验(所用设备)包括 The experiment consisted of three stepswhich are described in Table 3The test equipment which was used consisted Of 5 force-measuring transducers and2 recording instruments furnished byIncluded in the experiment were a highpressure ves