高考总复习高二重点词汇知识讲解.docx

1、高考总复习高二重点词汇知识讲解高考总复习：高二重点词汇三 知识讲解重点单词： possess 【点拨】possess vt. 拥有，占有People inherently possess immeasurable power. 人本身具有无尽的力量。be possessed of 具有 They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others（2016 高考四川卷）他们有不同于我们都有的一种力量，一种能够影响他人生活

2、的力量。There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children（2016 高考江苏卷）有很多理由去相信帮助、告知和分享的紧迫性没被教给，但是年幼的孩子自然而然地懂得了。【拓展】possession n. 拥有，占有，所有，pl.财产He lost all his possessions in the fire. 在那场火灾中他失去全部财产。come into ones possessi

3、on 被某人占有；落入某人之手take/get/gain possession of 拿到；占有；占领Our forces took possession of the hill. 我们的部队占领了那座小山。in possession of 拥有；持有in the possession of sb./in ones possession 为某人所有That top secret document has come into her possession. 那份绝密文件已被她拿到。He is in lawful possession of a shotgun. 他合法地持有猎枪。The rare

4、 stamp is inthe possession of an unknown collector.那张珍贵的邮票为一位不知名的收藏家所拥有。attempt 【点拨】attempt vt.& vi. 试图；企图attempt to do sth. 试图做某事（try/seek to do）an attempted murder/suicide 谋杀/自杀未遂I attempted to leave but was stopped. 我想走但被拦住了。attempt n努力；尝试；企图make an/no attempt to do sth. /at doing sth. 企图/没有企图做某事

5、in an attempt to do/at doing sth. 为了做某事at the first attempt 首次尝试He made an attempt to climb the mountain but failed. 他企图要爬上这座山，但失败了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。【拓展】attempted adj. 未遂的He was accused of attempted murder. 他被控告谋杀未遂。appeal 【点拨】appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助appeal

6、 to 对有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；引起的兴趣Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感强烈地吸引住了他。She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。appeal to sb. for sth. 请求某人某事appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物appeal to/for sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事appeal vt. 将上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losin

7、g. 他上诉五次, 都失败了。 appeal n. 呼吁, 恳求；吸引力make an appeal for sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事The government is appealing to the public for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.An appeal is being made by the government for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.政府正在呼吁公众对在水灾中丧失家园的人给予援助。exchange

8、【点拨】exchange n交换；交流；互换in exchange for 交换I took his camera in exchange for my watch. 我用我的手表换他的相机。They have offered to release the reporters, but what do they want in exchange？他们提出可以释放记者，但他们想要什么作为交换？make an exchange 交换exchange vt. & vi. 调换；交换exchange sth. for sth. 以换取exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物exch

9、ange words 争吵；吵架He exchanged an apple for an orange. 他用一个苹果换了一个橘子。Shall I exchange seatswith you? 我和你换一下座位好吗？load 【点拨】load n. 负担，负荷物（尤指沉重的）take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顾虑Her mothers recovery took a load off her mind. 她妈妈的康复使她心中卸下重担。a load of/loads of 很多的The truck is carrying a load of apples. 那辆卡车

10、运载着苹果。 a heavy load for sb. 对某人来说是一种重荷load v. 装载，加重，把弹药装入（枪炮）load sth. / sb. with sth. 用装载/使负担load sth. into/onto sb. /sth. 把装入（到）/使负担load up （使）载满The truck was loaded with bananas. 那卡车装载着香蕉。He helped me to load my furniture onto the truck. 他帮我把家具装上车。【拓展】与load 有关的合成词overload （使）超载 autoload 自动加载unloa

11、d 卸货，卸载，退子弹 carload 车载量download 下载（计算机用语）workload 工作量upload 上传（计算机用语）aim 【点拨】aim vt. 目的在于；引导；vi. 打算；对准目标；瞄准；n. 目的；目标；对准aim to do sth.打算或旨在做某事aim at 目的是，旨在In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most eff

12、icient means. （2016 高考上海卷）在他的现代主义的观点中，美存在于简单和优雅，设计者的目标在于通过有效的方式找到问题的解决方式。The novelThe Time Machinementioned in Paragraph 2 aims to show the special feature of the book（2016 北京海淀一模卷）在第二段提到时间机器这本书的意图在于展示这本书的特别之处。Though their ranges and tools differ，the babys investigation and the scientists experiment

13、 appear to share the same aim. （2016 高考浙江卷）尽管他们的范围和工具不同，这个婴儿的调查和科学家的实验有着共同的目的We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们旨在质量而不是数量。I didnt mean to hit your car. I was aiming at that tree.我不是故意打你的车。我瞄准的是那棵树。with the aim of目的是without aim无目的地My aim is to become a policeman when I graduate from middle scho

14、ol.I aim to become a policeman when I graduate from middle school.我打算中学毕业以后当警察。adopt【点拨】vt. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过；vi. 采取；过继We may keep an orphan or adopt it out. 我们可以领养一个孤儿，或将孩子给人收养。If you think our suggestions work for you, then adopt them. 如果您认为我们的建议适合您，那么就采用它们。The same cognitive systems that make young c

15、hildren feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.（2016 高考浙江卷）孩子们搞清楚某个事情之后会感觉很好，很多成年的科学家也会采用这种认知体系。stress 【点拨】stress n. 重压，压力；逼迫，重音；重点；着重；强调in the stress of the moment 一时紧张time of stress 危难之际，非常时期lay/place/put stress on. 把重点放在上under the stress of. 为所迫Stress and

16、 rhythm are important in speaking English. 说英语时重音和节奏都很重要。We must lay stress onself-reliance. 我们必须强调自力更生。stress vt. 着重；强调stress that./sth. 强调What does the author stress in Paragraph 5? (2016 高考四川卷)作者在第五段强调什么？By using “naked”，the author seems to stress that the basket was something important to her. (

17、2016 高考浙江卷)通过使用naked，作者似乎强调篮子是对她来说很重要的东西。Worrying over his job and his wifes health put him under a great stress.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他处于极大的压力之下。【拓展】stressful adj. 紧张的，压力重的stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的a stressful job/situation/lifestyle 繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式ashamed 【点拨】ashamed adj. 感到惭愧羞耻的（表语形容词）be ashamed o

18、f (doing) sth. 因（做了）某事而感到羞愧She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. 她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。be ashamed to do sth. 耻于的；因难为情而不愿做某事She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧be ashamed that. 感到羞愧的是I read those two lines over and over.

19、 I was ashamed of myself. （2016 高考浙江卷）我一遍遍地读这两行字，为我自己羞愧。It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence. （2016 高考新课标丙卷）它是一个开阔视野的好机会，看看已经存在的典型的苹果的多样性品种。As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today（2016 高考北京卷）结果，人类养成了现在已经存在的多种性格类

20、型。【拓展】shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事shameful adj. 可耻的，不体面的He is ashamed of his shameful conduct. 他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。range 【点拨】range n. 种类，范围，幅度，界限a wide range of 一系列a full range of 各种There is a full range of activities for children. 有给孩子们提供的各种活动。in/within range 在射程以内，在范围内beyond/out of range 在射程外，在范围外in/out of the r

21、ange of 在/超出范围out of ones range 某人能力达不到的，某人知识以外的The child was now out of her range of vision. 这孩子现在走出了她的视线。range v. （在一定范围内）变动，变化；排列range from.to. 在范围内变动，包括由到之间的各类事物range between.and. 在和范围内变动The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the fig

22、ure. (2015四川高考)这份研究考虑了母亲们所做工作的范文、他们工作的时长，来判断他们工作（所值报酬）的数字。To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines. (2015湖北高考)为了回答这些问题，Brooks调查了很多学科。As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today（2016 北京高考）结果，人类养成了很多性格类型，至今仍然存在。appoint 【点拨】appoint vt. 任命

23、；委派The president appointed a new director. 总经理任命了一位新主任。appoint sb. to职位 任命某人担任某职位appoint sb. as. 任命某人为We appointed him (as/to be) chairman. 我们选他担任主席。appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事The teacher appointed me to call the roll. 老师指派我点名。appoint a time/place for 为约定时间/地点The time appointed for the meeting wa

24、s 10：30. 规定的开会时间是10点30分。【拓展】appointment n任命；约会make an appointment 约会；约定keep/break an appointment 守（失）约Ive made an evening appointment with a client and may not come back for supper.我和一个客户约了晚上见面，可能不会回来吃晚饭了。suit 【点拨】suit n一套外衣；套装 suit vt. 适合；使适宜suit sth. to sth. 使某物适合于另一事物be suited for/to. 适合Would it

25、suit you to come at five? 你五点钟来行吗？If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. 如果你想坐公共汽车，那对我很方便。Suit the punishmentto the crime, I say. 按我说，要按罪量刑。He and his wife arewellsuitedto each other. 他和妻子十分般配。suitable adj. 适当的, 适宜的, 恰当的be suitable for sb. /sth. 适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事The house i

26、s not really suitablefor a large family. 这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。重点短语: run out of 【点拨】run out of 用完；用光Sb. runs out of sth. 某人用光某物。Sth. is run out of. 某物被用光。Sth. is running out. 某物快用光了。Sb. uses up sth. 某人用光某物。Sth. is used up. 某物快被用光。Sb. runs short of sth. 某人快用光某物了。Sth. runs short. 某物快用完了。Sb. /Sth. gives out.

27、某人筋疲力尽/某物用完。Tom had run out of money and he had to write a letter asking his father to send him some by post.汤姆用完了钱，不得不写信让父亲汇些钱来。Food in the flooded arearan out fast since more and more people became homeless.由于愈来愈多的人无家可归，洪灾区的食品很快就用完了。His strengthgave out after he ran that long distance.跑完那么长一段距离，他已

28、精疲力竭。They have used up their money. 他们已经把钱花光了。get into 【点拨】get into 陷入；染上（习惯）；开始对感兴趣How did you getintodrugs？ 你是怎么染上毒品的？I havent really gotinto mynew job yet. 我还未真正熟悉我的新工作。Igotinto conversation with an Italian student. 我与一位意大利学生谈了起来。【拓展】get相关短语有：get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into the habit of. 染上的习惯get i

29、nto panic 陷入恐慌get (sth.) across (to sb.) （使某事为人）理解get along/on with 进展；相处get away (from) 脱离get back 回来；返回get around/about 四处走动get over 克服；解决；控制get through 接通；完成come about 【点拨】come about 发生；造成；（风、船等）转向How does it come about that.? 是怎样发生的？It comes about like this. 事情是这样发生的Can you tell me how the accid

30、ent came about？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？How diditcome about that he knew where we were?他是怎样知道我们在什么地方的呢？注意：come about, happen, take place和 break out 这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。【拓展】come相关短语有：come across 偶遇；碰到come along 进展；进行come out 公开；问世；出版；被发行come round 恢复知觉；苏醒过来come to 涉及；共计；达到come up with 提出come up 上来；被提

31、出；发芽keep on 【点拨】keep on 继续keep on doinggo on doingcontinue doing/to do 继续做Dont keeponmaking such noise. 不要老是发出这样的噪音。I will keeponstriving until I reach my goal! 我还是要继续奋斗直到成功！注意：keep doing sth. 表示动作或状态的持续，连续不断地或反复地做；keep on doing sth. 表示动作的反复，动作之间略有间隔。Dontkeepdoing such foolish things. 不要老是做这样的傻事。【拓展】keep相关短语有：keep sb.