常见的八种英语时态详解.docx

1、常见的八种英语时态详解常见的八种英语时态详解时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does Am/is/are doingHave/has doneHave/has been doing过去didWas/were doingHad doneHad been doing将来Shall/will doShall/will be doing Shall/will have doneShall/will have been doing过去将来Shou

2、ld/would doShould/would doingShould/would have doneShould/wouldhave been doing 1. 一般现在时 基本结构：be动词am/is/are； 行为动词原形或单数第三人称。 否定形式： am is are _；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在 其前加_，如主语为第三人称单数，则用_，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首； 用助动词 do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，用does，同时，还原行为动词。提示词：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year

3、, etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month.It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .Changjiang River is one of the longest river

4、s in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.5）现在时的特殊用法：一般现在时表过去1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, he

5、ar, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如：I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如：The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。练习1)He always _ ( get） up

6、early.2)Mary often _（do） some shopping on Sundays3).Ill go with you as soon as I_（finish)my homework.4)If he _(come) here, I will tell you 5）The earth _( move) round the sun.6)Tom sometimes _(have) lunch at school.7)Lily usually _(fly) kites on weekends.8)They _(be) never late for class.9）Light _(tr

7、avel) faster than sound .10)_Jim _(speak) English ？2.一般过去时1.定义：表示过去某一点或某一段时间的动作或存在的状态。 2.提示词:yesterday, the day before yesterday,just now , last week/month/year, .ago, a moment ago , after three days,last term, in September, in 2000, 3.动词过去式的构成： 1）v+ed 2) e+ed 3）重读闭音节双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed。 planned, stopped

8、, preferred, shopped 4）辅音加y结尾的把y改i再加ed。Study,copy ,carry,worry 5）不规则练习1）Tom _(watch) TV last night .He _(go) nowhere.2)She _(give) me a present last Christmas.3)The story _(happen) two years ago.4)It was very cold , so he _(put) on his coat.5)Who _(break) the windows just now ?6）I _（get) a letter fr

9、om my brother a moment ago.7）He _(try ) to help us when we were in trouble.8)The bed wast good , but I _(sleep) very well.9)When she _(hear) what I said , she _(become) angry.10)They _(enjoy) themselves last night .3.一般将来时1. 定义：表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常 与表示将来的时间状语连用。2. 提示词：tomorrow , the day after tom

10、orrow , next week /month/year ,later ,later on ,soon, in +一段时间3. 构成：1）Shall 用于第一人称， will适用任何人称，但第一人称疑问句一定用shall. 2）“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。3）“be about to + 不定式”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：The package is about

11、 to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。4）“be going + 不定式”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如：My sisters going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。5）用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。6）用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。练习1）

12、She _(go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening .2)We _(visit) our teacher next Sunday.3)John _(come) soon .4)The rain _(stop) later on .5)My father _(have ) a meeting in a few days .6)What _we _(do) next?7)_I _（wash) the clothes tomorrow ?8)There _(be ) a party tomorrow evening .9)I_(n

13、ot go ) there if it rains tomorrow.10)They _(see) us as soon as they reach here.4.现在进行时1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six.

14、 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如