英语时态8种基本时态学案.docx

1、英语时态8种基本时态学案英语基本时态Teaching target:掌握基本时态的构成和基本用法。 英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。知识点一 1.一般现在时 do/does或do not/does not 指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。注意：a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8:00

2、in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country .4）第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .come-_ speak-_ work-_ live-_ b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es

3、. do-_ go-_ finish-_ brush-_ fix-_ pass-_ watch-_ c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study-_ carry-_ cry-_ d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s. play-_ stay-_Step IV. Practice 15m练习：我们每天晚上做作业。We _ (do) our homework every night.我在早上七点半起床。I _ (get) up at 7:30 every morning. 他每天七点去上班。 He _( go) to work at 7 everyday. 我们经常下午打篮球。

4、We often _ (play ) basketball in the afternoon.他喜欢音乐。 He _(like) music. 地球围绕太阳转。 The earth _( go ) around the sun.火车六点出发。The train _(leave) at 6. 知识点二一般过去时一般过去时 did或did not 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those day

5、s.等连用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .练习：昨天他很忙。He _(be ) busy yesterday. 去年他抽烟了。He _(smoke) last year. 两年前他去参军了。He _(join) the army 2 years ago. 他在1990年去世了。He _ (die ) in 1990. 4）动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed. work-_ call-_ laugh-_ b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .

6、 live-_ change-_ smoke-_ die-_ c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed. study-_ carry-_ cry-_ d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-ed. play-_ stay-_ e)以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed. stop-_ plan-_ pat-_ f)动词不规则变化： do-_ go-_ come- run-_ write-_ begin-_ drink-_ keep-_ leave-_ sleep-_ make-_ eat-ate know-_练习：我前天拿走了这本书。_ 去年我买了一辆

7、自行车。_ 每天晚上我听音乐。_ 她通常待在家里。_ 两天前我完成了这项工作。_复习：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.知识点三：现在进行时：现在进行时： am/is/are doing或am/is/are not doing

8、表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present 等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing + You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. We are studying English at present . Its raining hard now.3）动词现在分词的构成 一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo _ read

9、- _ study _ 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 inglike _ take _ 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop _ begin _ dig _ swim _(注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining sleep - sleeping) 练习：1. 我正在做作业。_2. 他正在睡觉。_3. 目前他正在写一本书。_知识点四：过去进行时过去进行时 was/were +doing 或was/were + not +doing 表示过去某段时

10、间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。1） 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。2） 基本结构 主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came

11、in. 练习：1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4. I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5. He _ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6. He _ (do) his homework now.知识点五：一般将来时一般将来时 am/is/are +going to + do或will/shall + do am/is/are not going to do或will/shall not do 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。1)表示将来

12、发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。2)句型结构：主语will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week.3)主语will/shallV.原形 be(am, is, are)going to They will have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) -W

13、hat will they do next Sunday ? -When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形 I am about to leave school.不能与表示时间的副词连用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.() 复习题： 1.He (do) his homework at school every day. 2.They (finish) their work yesterday. 3.We (visit) their farm next y

14、ear. 4.我半小时后要吃午饭。I _(have) linch half an hour later . 5.他将骑自行车去学校。He _(go) to school by bike. 6.他们下周日将去买汽车。They _ (buy) cars next Sunday. 知识点六： 过去将来时过去将来时 was/were +going to + do或would/should + do was/were/not + going to + do或would/should + not + do 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看

15、将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。 2）基本结构：主语+would/should was/were going to +V.原形+ He said that he would have a meeting next week. (He says that he will nave a meeting next week.) They said we should leave school tomorrow. (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)知识点七： 现在完成时现在完成时 have/has +p.p（过去分词）或have/has +

16、not +p.p（过去分词） 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。1） 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2) 基本结构 主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)1. He has ever been to Australia.2. I have not hea

17、rd from her recently.3. I have already read this book.3) 过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如 do did done4） 注意1. 含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与 for, since 引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (错)I have had a book for 3 years.2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （时间状语的区别

18、）I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday. 练习：他已经阅读了这本书。He _(read) the book.他们居住在中国三年了。They _(live) in China for 3 years.他看这部电影两次了。He _(watch) the movie twice. Bob 自从 1997 年在这所学校教学。Bob _( teach) in the school since 1997. 知识点八. 过去完成时过去完成时 had + p.p（过去分词）或had + not +p.p（过去分词） 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或

19、在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。1） 表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态， 强调“过去的过去”， 常与 by the time, by the end of,before , by 等引导时间的状语连用。2） 基本结构 主语+ had + 动词过去分词 + When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。He had learned English before he came here.他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。He had aught this c

20、lass for 3 years by the time I left the school.当我离开这个学校为止 他已教这个班级三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到这学期末我已学会了2000 个英语单词。 I. Fill in the blanks.1. We usually _ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2. She _ (watch) TV when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday.3.

21、 My mother _ (come) here tomorrow.4. Look ! Some one _ (dance) there.5. Wei Huas brother _ (join) the army in 1995.知识点九：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have/has +been +doing 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。I have been writing the book. I will finish it next month.练习：1.They saw empty glasses and cup

22、s and realized that three people _ in the room.A were B had been C have been Dare2.The man cant see where he _.He _to fall into the hole in front of him.A is going；is going B goes；is going C is going ；will go D goes；will go 3.I_a novel by Dickens last night, and another night I will finish it.A have

23、 read B read C have read D was reading4.I dont smoke now, but I_for almost ten years.A ever smoked B.have ever smoked C.had ever smoked D.was ever smoking5.Last week I went to see Mike in the hospital and he _with great content.A had recovered B.was recovering C.recovered D.would recover 6.I thought

24、 Jim would say something about his school report, but he_itA doesnt mention B.hadnt mention C.didnt mention D hasnt mentioned7.I know he is getting on well recently. He _ me regularly.A.writes to B.has written to C.wrote to D.in writing to8.Lets go out now. It _A.doesnt rain B.hasnt rained C.isnt ra

25、ining D.wasnt raining9.She _ her mother with the housework. At this time she usually _her homework.A is helping does B.helps is doing C.is helping is doing D. helps does10.I didnt catch the train . It _at 9:45 am.A. had left B. has left C.was leaving D.leaves11.-We want to sit at the table near the

26、window.-Im sorry,but it _already.A.was taken B.has been taken C.will be taken D.has taken 12.He was so near-sighted that he didnt see the notice which _”Wet paint!”A.was told B. read C. told D.was read13.The telephone had been ringing for several minutes before it_A.answered B. had answered C.was answering D.was answered14.The door _.Better get someone to have it repaired right now.A.isnt open B. hasnt been open C.isnt be open D.wont open15.I dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know.A. Will come ;will