人教版高中英语必修1Unit 4Earthquakes B 1讲述.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes B 1讲述Unit 4 EarthquakesSection 1 Warming Up, Reading & Comprehending重点知识精讲一、重点单词1. burst(1) vi. （使）爆裂；胀开；突然出现；涨满；爆满That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。He burst into the room without knocking. 他没敲门就闯进了房间。The roads are bursting with cars. 车辆把道

2、路挤满了。(2) n. 突然爆裂；爆发；迸发His breath was coming in short bursts. 他呼吸急促。I tend to work in bursts. 我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。【知识拓展】be bursting to do sth 急于（或迫切想）做某事burst (sth) open （使）猛然打开burst in 突然打断（插嘴）burst into a room = break into a room 破门而入burst in on sb./ sth. （突然闯进而）打乱；扰乱burst into tears = burst out crying

3、突然大哭起来burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来burst out （突然）激动地喊叫burst into flames 突然燃烧起来burst on/ onto sb. 突然显现；突然在出现【注意】burst的过去式和过去分词都是burst。2. ruin(1) vt. 毁坏；破坏；毁灭；使破产The bad weather ruined our trip. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。If she loses the case itll ruin her. 如果败诉，她就完蛋了。(2) n. 破产；祸根；废墟；断壁残垣A large

4、 number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 革命过后许多教堂都被毁了。The old mill is now little more than a ruin. 老磨坊现在只剩下断壁残垣了。【注意】ruin作“废墟”讲时用复数形式ruins。【知识拓展】ruined adj. 毁坏的；严重受损的in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪fall into ruin 衰落；败落lie in ruins 破败不堪；成为废墟【辨析】ruin，damage与destroy三个词都有“毁坏”之意，但语意各有侧重。destroy指彻底毁坏

5、，有毁灭和不能修复之意。ruin意为“破坏；毁坏”，与destroy接近，但程度较轻，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage意为“损害；毁坏”，程度较轻，可重新修好使用。The fire destroyed most of the building. 大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。The rain ruined my holiday. 这场雨把我的假期给毁了。Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。3. injure vt. （尤指在事故中）伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害（名誉、自尊等）He injured his knee while playin

6、g hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受伤了。This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 这会严重地损害公司的声誉。【知识拓展】injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的；受到伤害的injury n. （对躯体的）伤害；损伤；（对感情的）伤害injurious adj. 造成伤害的；有害的the injured 受伤的人；伤员；伤兵【辨析】injure，wound与hurtinjure一般指意外或事故受伤，为一时难愈之伤。would指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗、战争中受伤。hurt是“受伤”的一般用语，既可之肉体上的伤害，亦可

7、指精神上的伤害。另外，hurt还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛；引起痛苦”。He cant play today because hes injured his knee. 他弄伤了膝盖，因此今天不能上场。The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的胳膊。His words hurt me. 他的话伤害了我。4. useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的；差劲的；不行的；不擅长的She tried to work, but it was useless. 她很想做事，但力不从心。Dont ask her for help, Shes useless. 别求她帮忙

8、，她没有那个能耐。(1) Its useless to do / doing sth. 干是无用的；干是无价值的I knew it was useless to protest. 我知道抗议也是徒劳。Its useless worrying about it. 为这事担心无济于事。(2) be useless at sth./ doing sth. 在某方面差劲；在某方面不行Im useless at French. 我的法语不行。Hes useless at playing chess. 他下棋很差劲。【知识拓展】uselessly adv. 无用地；无效地uselessness n. 无用

9、；无价值useful adj. 有用的；有益的；实用的usefulness n. 有用；实用usage n. 用法；用途Its no use doing sth = Its useless doing sth. 干是没用的【注意】Its useless之后常接动名词做真正的主语，但有时也用不定式。5. shock(1) n. C, U 震惊；令人震惊的事；剧烈震动The news of his death came as a shock to us all. 他的死讯让大家都感到震惊。(2) n. U 休克；震动She was taken to hospital suffering from

10、shock. 她因休克被送到医院。The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away. 爆炸引起的剧烈震动在六英里以外都能感觉到。(3) v. （使）震惊；震动She was deeply shocked by her childs death. 孩子的死使她悲痛欲绝。It still shock me when I hear young children swear. 听到小孩子骂人，我还是很不舒服的。【知识拓展】shocking adj. 骇人听闻的；令人气愤的；令人憎恶的；非常糟糕的shocked adv. 惊讶的；

11、震惊的shockingly adv. 令人震惊地shock wave（爆炸、地震等引起的）冲击波【辨析】shocking与shockedshocking和shocked都可用作定语和表语，但shocking意为“令人震惊的”，它往往表示被修饰的人或事给别人的感觉。shocked意为“惊讶的；震惊的”，它表示人自身的感觉。The result of the game is shocking. 比赛结果令人震惊。I am shocked at his change. 他的变化让我震惊。6. rescue (1) n. U 救援；营救；抢救We had given up hope of rescue

12、 at that time. 我们那时已放弃了获救的希望。(2). n. C 营救行动The fisherman was saved in a daring sea rescue. 在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中，那名渔民获救了。(3) vt. 营救；援救；抢救He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。【知识拓展】rescue sb. from sb./ sth. 从里/中救起；援救；营救come/ go to ones re

13、scue 来/去营救某人【辨析】save与rescuesave意为“挽救；拯救”，它可以表示医生对病人生命的挽救，也可以救别人于危难之中，还可以表示对婚姻、事业等其他形式的挽救。rescue意为“营救；援救”。The police saved him in the sea. 警察从大海中把他救起。People trapped in the flood were waiting for rescue. 困在洪水中的人们正在等待营救。7. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 他被安葬在海格特公墓。 埋藏；掩盖；使陷入The dog h

14、ad buried its bone in the garden. 狗把骨头埋在花园里。The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。 掩藏（感情、错误等）She has learned to bury her feelings. 她已学会了感情不外露。【知识拓展】burial n. 埋葬；葬礼bury sth. in sth. 使陷入；把插入bury oneself in sth 专心致志于be buried in sth

15、. 埋头干；专心致志于8. title n. C 名称；标题；题目His poems were published under the title of Love and Reason 他的诗是以爱情与理智为题发表的。The title of this painting is The Last Supper. 这幅画的标题是最后的晚餐。 称号；头衔；职称；称谓Give your name and title. 报出你的名字和称谓。The official title of this job is Administrative Assistant.这个职位的正式名称为“行政助理”。 冠军She

16、has three world titles. 她已获得三项世界冠军。Those boxers are fighting for the world title. 那些拳击手在争夺世界冠军。【辨析】title，headline，theme与subjecttitle指书画、戏剧、乐曲、诗歌的“名称，标题”。headline指新闻报道的“标题”。theme指谈话、演讲、音乐的“主题，主旋律”，意狭。subject是“题目，标题，主题”的常用、普通词，意广。二、重点短语1. right away 立即；马上；毫不耽搁You must have a doctor sent for right away

17、. 你必须马上派人去请医生。I told him right away what thought of him. 我直截了当地告诉了他我对他的看法。【知识拓展】right now 立即；马上right and left 到处；处处see sb. right 确保（或负责）满足某人的一切要求put sb. right 纠正某人的错误put sth. to rights. 整理；整顿；改正；纠正2. think little of 不把当回事；对评价不高The leaders of the USA were thought little of at that time. 当时的美国领导们声誉不好。

18、To my disappointment, he thought little of my advice. 令我失望的是，他不把我的建议当回事。【知识拓展】think better of sth./ doing sth. 深思熟虑后决定不做；一想又改便主意think (the) better of sb. 对某人有较高的评价think nothing of it 别在意；没什么；别客气think nothing of sth./ doing sth 不把当回事；觉得无所谓think not much/poorly/badly of sb./ sth. 对评价不高think ofas 把看作；把

19、视为What do you think of? 你认为怎么样？3. at an end 结束；终结The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束。My holiday will be at an end. 我的假期很快就要结束了。【知识拓展】at the end of the day 最终；到头来end to end 最后；终于in the end 最后；终于by the end of 到末为止come to an end 结束；完成bring/ put sth. to an end 结束；使完成make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持生计【

20、辨析】at the end (of)，by the end (of)与 in the endat the end (of) 意为“在的结尾，在的尽头”，既可指时间，也可指空间。by the end (of) 意为“到为止”，用来表示时间，经常与完成时态连用。in the end意为“最后；终于”，不与of连用，用来表示时间，和finally，at last相近。Hell have left London by the end of next month. 到下个月月末，他将已经离开伦敦。Keep on working hard and youll make it in the end. 继续努

21、力，最终你会成功的。Youll find the bus stop at the end of this street. 在这条大街的尽头，你会找到公共汽车站的。How many English novels had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底为止，你已读了多少本英文小说？He made a speech at the end of the meeting. 在会议结束时他发表了讲话。【注意】at an end，(sth) come to an end，bring/ put sth to an end中的end前均用不定冠词an不能换成定冠词

22、the，4. in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事以使这个地区满目疮痍。The scandal let his reputation in ruins. 这件丑闻使他身败名裂。5. blow away blow sb. away 枪杀某人；给人留下深刻印象；使人高兴He was blown away when wandering in the street. 他在大街上闲逛时遭到枪杀。His wonderful performance really blew us away.

23、 他的精彩表演给我们留下了深刻的印象。 blow sth away 把吹走The fallen leaves on the street have been blown away by the strong wind. 大街上的落叶已被大风吹走。【知识拓展】blow in/ into 突然来到；突然进入blow out 被（风等）吹灭；熄灭；轻易击败（某人）blow up 爆炸；被炸毁；（对某人）发火【注意】blow away，blow off，blow out，blow up中的away，off，out和up均为副词，若代词作这些短语的宾语，应放在这些副词的前面。6 asas 和一样 asa

24、s意为“和一样”，表示两个同级之间的比较。使用要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as + adj./ adv. + as。其否定式为：not as /so + adj./ adv. + as。This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。This dictionary is not as/ so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 在asas结构中，第一个as的前面可

25、以加上表示倍数的词或是某些副词修饰语：twice，(three) times，nearly，almost，just，exactly，not nearly（根本不），by no means（绝不），quite等等。Asia is four times as Europe. 亚洲有欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。Jim is not nearly as tall as Ben. 吉姆根本没有本高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 铸铁差不多与钢一样有用。She hasnt been quite so unlucky as she pretends.

26、她还没有向她常装出的那样不幸。7. dig out 挖掘出More than a dozen people were dug out of the avalanche alive. 十多个埋在雪崩下的人被救了出来。 找到；发掘；发现（藏着的或被遗忘的东西）I went to the attic and duh out Grandpas medals. 我在阁楼里找到了祖父的勋章。【注意】dig的过去式和过去分词分别是dug，dug，现在分词是digging。8. a (great) number of 许多；大量的后接可数名词复数。I have read a great number of b

27、ooks on this subject. 我已经阅读了大量有关这个主题的书。A great number of foreign visitors come to China every year. 每年都有大量外国游客来中国。【辨析】a number of与the number ofthe number of是“的数目”，后跟可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后可接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。The number of private colleges has increased. = Private colleges have i

28、ncreased in number. 私立大学的数目已增大。Ive seen the movie a number of times. 这部电影我已经看过多次了。三、 重点句型1. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在设想一下有过一次大地震。 该句使用了there be句型。there be句型是一种存在句，表示某个事物在什么地方，其结构为“There + be + 主语 + 其他成分”，其中there为引导词，本身无意义。谓语动词根据be后面的主语，按就近原则确定。There is a book and two pens on t

29、he desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。There are two pens and a book on the desk. 书桌上有两支笔和一本书。 在there be句型中，be还可被live，come，stand，lie，exist，remain等动词所替代。There lies a large wheat field to the south of our school. 我们学校的南面有一片广阔的麦地。Long long ago there lived a wise king. 很久以前有一位十分明智的国王。There came shouts for help from the

30、river. 从河那边传来了“救命”的喊声。 there be句型中可在there和be之间加情态动词或系动词、助动词等表示更丰富的含义。There seems to be no need to stay here. 好像没有必要呆在这里。There have been great changes in our school since 1990. 自1990年以来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。There cant be such a person in our group. 我们小组中不可能有这样的一个人。there being结构为there be句型的独立主格形式，在句中用作状语，相当于一

31、个状语从句，它和主句之间不能出现连接词。There being no buses, we had to walk home. 因为没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。【注意】there be中的be不能用have/ has/ had代替。2. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田野里跑出来找地方藏身。 looking for places to hide为现在分词短语作状语表示伴随情况。He likes toile in bed reading books. 他喜欢躺在床上看书。He worked late into the night preparing a report for his boss. 他工作到深夜为老板准备一份报告。【注意】现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它表示分词所表示的动作与主句主语之间的主谓关系，若为动宾