高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点.docx

1、高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法表示能力。如：I can run fast.表示客观可能性。如：An experienced driver can have an accident at times.表示请求和允许。

2、用could 语气更委婉。如：Can/Could I go now?Yes，you can.表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true?How can you be so careless!This cannot be done by him.2. may和might的用法表示许可。如：You may drive the car.May/Might I use your pen?No，you mustnt.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过

3、去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：He may be very busy now.用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldnt give up.3. will和would的用法用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：Will/Would you please keep th

4、e door open?表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。 如：She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.He would get up early when he lived in the country.4. should的用法表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如：You should(are supposed to ) complete your test in time.表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该吧”，相当于

5、be expected to。如：They should be home by now，I think.用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：I should think it would be better to try it again. 用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以

6、 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!用于虚拟语气句中(略)。5. ought to的用法表示应该、推测，相当于should。 如：You ought to take care of him.6. shall的用法用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。 如：You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表允诺)在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意

7、见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Shall we go out for a walk?Where shall he wait for us?7. must的用法表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。 如：You must go and see that filmyoud really enjoy it.表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。注must表示推测时的否定式是cant或couldnt(不可能)。表示主张，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要

8、”。如：The machine must break down at this busy hour. 8. need和dare的用法need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。 dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：He dares to go there alone.He needs to go there alone.She doesnt dare (to) a

9、sk her father.She doesnt need to ask her father.He darent speak English before such a crowd，dare he?9. used to的用法used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother？否定句I usednt t

10、o go there.I didnt use to go there.否定疑问句Usent you to be interested in the theatre?Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre？其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat，didnt she？(正式)/use(d)nt she? (口语)Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes，I did(正式)/Yes，I used to.(口语)10. would rather (not)

11、 do宁愿(不)做11. had better (not) do最好(不)做I _ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.A. should B. wouldC. could D. mightIve decided to take the job and I _ change my mind.A. mustnt B. cantC. wont D. may not“Whatever you want，you _ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the bo

12、ss.A. would B. ought toC. shall D. couldWhy _ you stay in the countryside，where its not convenient to go shopping?But Ive found it rather valuable for my health.A. can B. mustC. may D. shallI promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her?A. should B. must

13、C. would D. shallShe just couldnt believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，_ desert her after he became rich.A. might B. shouldC. shall D. mustA Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. _ he come in?Yes，please let him in.A. Shall B. MayC. Will D. NeedHe

14、 is always on time for work. How _ it be that he was late yesterday?A. can B. mightC. may D. mustLucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _. Ive already borrowed one.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt【答案】BCCBDBAAC表示“推测”的情态动词 肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；否定句中用can，may，might，cou

15、ld；疑问句中用can，could。用适当的情态动词填空：_ he be a policeman?He _ be a policeman，but I am not sure.He _ be a policeman，for he is so short.He _ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.【答案】Canmay/might/couldcantmust情态动词的完成式 must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.can/could h

16、ave done用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。might have done也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：She might have done better than that.should (not) have doneought (not) to have

17、done表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：I oughtnt to have scolded her for such a small thing.A. 表示“(估计)应该已经”“大概已经”，即对过去情况的推测。如：They left at nine，so they should have arrived(probably have arrived) home by now.B. 表示“竟然已经”“居然已经”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：Im surprised that he should have been so foolish. need

18、nt have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；didnt need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.would have done用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.would like/love to have done表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：I would like to have read the article，but I was

19、very busy then.had better have done表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：You had better have come earlier，but you didnt.would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：I would rather have refused his offer.用适当的情态动词填空：I was really anxious about you. You _ not have left without a word.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ba

20、ll，otherwise he _ have scored a goal.You _ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.【答案】shouldwould/could/mightcan/could一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答 情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。完成下列句子：Need I go there now?Yes，you_No，you _Must I do my homework?Yes，you_No，you_May/Might I use your bike?Yes，you _Y

21、es，you_Yes，please.Sure/Certainly.No，you _Can/Could you help me carry the bag?Yes，I _Will/Would you come to party tonight?Yes，I_Sorry，but I_Shall I tell him about it?No，you _. I told him just now.【答案】must；neednt dont have tomust；needntdont have tomay；can；mustnt/cantcanwill；cantneednt与情态动词有关的固定短语 may/

22、might well do很可能做may/might (just) as well do不妨做cannot/can never.toocannot/can never.enough越越好would rather do和had better doA pencil will do (for sth.)A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)The car wont start.The car cant be started.I really _ thank you enough. Its been an amazing day.A. needntB. shouldn

23、tC. mustntD. cannotThese are excellent photographs and we _well use them in our magazine.A. canB. couldC. mustD. may【答案】DDmust和have to must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要；must一般只表示现在时，have to则有更多的时态形式。用must和have to的适当形式填空：I _ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.Jenny _tidy up the room be

24、fore her mother came back.【答案】have tohad tocan，could和be able to的区别 can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态；表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：Although the fire was big，everyone_ escape.Only in this way will you _ finish the work in time.【答案】was able tobe able towill

25、，would，used to will，would和used to均表示“习惯”。will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；used to表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。用will，would和used to填空：He _ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.She _ sit for hours without saying anything.He _ walk by the river in the morning after he got up

26、.【答案】used towillwould虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设过去时would/could/might do与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时would/could/might have done与将来事实相反的假设过去时/should do/were towould/could/might do错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，but for。含蓄条件句。用otherw

27、ise或but来体现虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：If you _(go) to bed earlier last night，you _(not be) sleepy now.If you_(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you_(not meet) him.I _(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I _(go) there.I _(give) you more help，but I was too busy.But for the rain last Sunday，we _(have) a picnic. 【答案】had

28、gone；wouldnt behadnt attended；wouldnt have metwas；would have gonewould have givenwould have hadas if/as though的用法 as if/as though引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：It looks as if it _(rain)He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _(be) a Chinese.They talked as if they _(be) friends for many years.【答案】is going to rainwerehad beenIf only.！句型的使用 If only句子How I wishthat从句，句中用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：If only I _(be) a flying bird!If only I _(go) home tomorrow!Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _(follow) your advice.【答案】werewould gohad followed虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用 表示建议、愿望、