四级考试词汇填空答题技巧.docx

1、四级考试词汇填空答题技巧考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。遇到生词怎么办?时间不够怎么办?考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力，考试时加以运用，会大大提高答中率。篇章词汇理解是大学英语四级考试中出现的一种老题型，这种题是在一篇长度为220个单词的文章中留出10个单词的空格，要求考生从15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处，使文章语句通畅，表达正确。测试重点：考生对连贯性一致性及逻辑关系等语篇语段的整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解。既考查宏观结构，又考查微观理解。15个单词中3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+

2、2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。解题步骤：通读全文，抓住中心(首段，首句原则)阅读选项，词性分类(注意分析动词时态)全盘考虑，灵活选择(根据所需词性缩小范围，每词只能用一次)复读全文，核查答案(快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确)答题技巧一：确定空白处词性以下情况，空白处为动词：1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动2 n./pron. vi.前名后无名，谓动不及物3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动5 to v.前有to，后原型

3、注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式以下情况，空白处为分词：过去分词：1has/have/had p.p(完成时态)2be p.p(被动语态)3p.p n.或 n. p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生)现在分词：1be -ing(进行时态)2-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行)3prep. ing(介词宾语)以下情况，空白处为名词：(名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语)1a/the n. 前有冠词2n. V. 空白后为谓语动词3prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词(注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处

4、后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数)以下情况，空白处为形容词：1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词2adv. adj. 空白前是副词3link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语以下情况，空白处为副词：1adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态2adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词3adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系答题技巧二：确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间。Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to repl

5、ace angry, violent behaviors with _ , peaceful ones.(根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative)介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.注意 to (介词&动词不定式)to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于), adhere to(坚持), stick to(坚持，信守), cling to(坚持，忠于), admit to(承认), confess

6、to(承认), contribute to(做贡献), feel up to(感觉能胜任), get down to(开始着手做), give ones mind to(专心), give way to(让步), yield to(屈服), lead to(导致), look forward to(渴望), object to(反对),take to(开始从事，喜欢), turn to(求助), succumb to(屈服), see to(照顾，料理), get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be de

7、dicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的，常遭受), submit to(顺从，屈服)答题技巧四：利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围Sample: Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)

8、答题技巧五：充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词(若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。)Sample：A) gravelyB) respectC) limitedD) specializeE) seriouslyF) promotingG) involvesH) relievedI) significantJ) magnificentK) rangeL) issuesM) resultN) determiningO) compli

9、catedToday, we take pain_.(此处应用副词做状语，考查近义词辨析.Take sth. seriously为固定搭配)答题技巧六：注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏。(respect, result, range)考试真题演练EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens

10、 every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm

11、 up by as much as 5(degrees centigrade).The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indones

12、ia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and cau

13、sed over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it wil

14、l be.其选项如下：A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical; F) phenomenon;G) stable; H) attraction;I) completely; J) destructive;K) starvation; L) bringing;M) exhaustion; N) worth;O) strike解题方法一、辨析词性把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面几点

15、。1.遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2.不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。3.词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。以真题为例辨词性A) estimate; B) strength;C) deliberately; D) notify;E) tropical; F) phenomenon;G) stable; H) at

16、traction;I) completely; J) destructive;K) starvation; L) bringing;M) exhaustion; N) worth;O) Strike名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)谓语动词：A,D,O(A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀)非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)形容词：E, G, J(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀)副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不

17、认识的或无法确定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。二、综合解题将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。(一)确定词性，确定选项的选择范围1)关于动词的判断前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(wil

18、l后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)55. O strikeScientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)54. A estimate一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.(前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。

19、)50. L bringing2)其它词的判断形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.47. F phenomenonThe hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.49. E tropicalEl Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 5

20、2 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。)52. J destructive副词修饰形容词或动词, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词)56. I completely谓语动词前有名词主语This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。)47. F phen

21、omenon介词后面必有名词As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.(在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。)48. B strength(二)句里句外，猜测词义一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。Th

22、is strange 47 happens every five to eight years.strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。47. F phenomenon二看逻辑：1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等)As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.此句有一个状语从句，as表示的

23、时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。48. B strengthSo while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.51. K starvation2.前文(指代等、句间连词)This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.Th

24、is告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。47. F phenomenon表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also转折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequ

25、ently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什

26、么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52. J destructive (dead , damage)三看习惯用法：固定搭配Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.53. N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of dam

27、age.三、带项检查带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。1. 名词后缀1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2) -acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3) -ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4) -ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5) -bility, 表示动

28、作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6) -dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom7) age: package， shortage， marriage8) ant: assistant， accountant， inhabitant9) -hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclu

29、sion, destruction, expression, correction11) -ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism12) -ty, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, loyalty， identity13) -ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument14) -ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, ti

30、redness, friendliness15) cy: bankruptcy， literacy， democracy16) -ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship17) -th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth18) -tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)19) -ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)20) -grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography21) -ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics22) -ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, tec