英语三大从句类型总结.docx

1、英语三大从句类型总结英语三大从句类型总结 PART1：英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether its right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether its right or not. 3同位语从句This is a question whether its right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether its right or not. 二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak En

2、glish well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like. 3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so tha

3、t she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little. PART2：经典名词性从句 主语从句subject clauses在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what,

4、 which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。 That you dont like himis none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。 What he saidis true. 他说的是真的。 Do you rememberhow he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This partys re

5、allywhere its at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！ Tell ushow you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。 We have reason to believethat the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war.喻我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。 He saidthat he would come. 他说他要来。 Whether the football game will be

6、playeddepends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。 表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as thoughif；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，

7、间或可以省略。 The trouble isthat we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。 That iswhy stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。 At that time, it seemedas if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 宾语从句object clauses用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构

8、中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。 He saidhe wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。 I hopeyoull be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。 Im so gladthat you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。 I know not

9、hing about it exceptwhat I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。 Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike exceptwhen it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。 He asked mewhether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。 同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，sugg

10、estion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。 It is a factthat smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。 I have no ideawhat you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。 He made the suggestionthat we go by train. 他建议我们

11、坐火车去。 There is no doubtthat he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。 PART3：经典定语从句 1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。 The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine. 1.整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins. 2.我们公司有2000工人，

12、三分之二是女工。 Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women. 3.那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。 Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued. 4.你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！ The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talk

13、ing sounded frightening. 5.我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。 My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight. 6.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。 The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital. 7.约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。 John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visi

14、ted abroad. 8.他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。 He is one of the tourists who have been to London. 9.他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。 He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London. 10.这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的.学校吗？ Is this the school that you visited last Sunday? 11.这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？ Is this school the one that you visited

15、 last Sunday? 12.他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。 It is in this place that he once lived. 13.这是他们曾经住过的地址。 It is the place where he once lived. 14.他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。 He has two sons, either of whom looks like him. 15.他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。 He has two sons, and either of them looks like him. 16.这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 17.This is a

16、book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue. 18.他不说令她生气的话。He said nothing that made her angry. 19.那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak

17、 for at the meeting. 20.那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。 That was the reason that/which Mac gave me. 21.正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。 As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own. 22.比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。 It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own

18、 Microsoft is known to us all. 23.是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同谁一起去看的电影？ It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together. 24.他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。 He isnt such

19、 a man as would leave his work half done. 25.我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。 I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory. 26.我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。 I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment. 27.像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。 I dont enjoy such

20、a book as you are reading.=I dont appreciate the same book as you are reading. 28.擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬 The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。 29.我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。 I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school 30.那不是我做事情的方法。 That isnt the way in which/that I do

21、 it. 31.他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。 They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting. 32.照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。 Copy this expression as it is; dont make any change. 33.我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的

22、方式。 We will try to help parents improve the ways that/in which they talk with their children. 34.只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。 Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gates quick success。 35.这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、 The soldier w

23、hose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old. 36.他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。 At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful. PART4:经典状语从句 1条件状语从句： 1）Lets go out for a walkunlessyou are too tired.除非,若不；相当于if-not 即：If you are too tired,well not go out for a walk. 2）

24、You may borrow my bookas long asyou keep it clean.只要，表示条件的唯一性 3）Take your umbrellain caseit rains.（以防-，以免-） 4）I can tell you the truthon condition thatyou promise to keep a secret.条件是- 5）Supposingit rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?如果,假如 6）He wont be against us in the meetingprovided/prov

25、idingthat we ask for his advice in advance.假如,除非以为条件 7）You will be successful in the interviewonceyou have confidence.一旦-就- 2.时间状语从句： 1）Whenshe came in, I stopped eating. 当-的时候，表示“瞬时动词” 2）Whilemy wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当-的时候，was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生

26、 3）I like playing footballwhileyou like playing basketball.（然而，表示“对比”） 4）Aswe was going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 5）We always singaswe walk.（as表示“一边一边”） 6）Einstein almost knocked me downbeforehe saw me.“在-之前”或“-才” 7）My father had left for Canadajust beforethe letter arr

27、ived.（“刚好在-之前”或“-就”） 8）Afteryou think it over, please let me know what you decide.（在-之后） 9）Ididntgo to beduntil（till）my father came back.“直到-才”，主句中的动词为非延续性动词 10）I workeduntilhe came back. “直到-才”，主句中的动词为延续性动词 11 Where have you beensinceI last saw you? 自从- 12I will go theredirectlyI have finished my b

28、reakfast.一-就-，另外有immediately, instantly 13The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. 一-就-，另外有the instant, the minute，ect. 14As soon asI reachCanada, I will ring you up. 一-就- 15He hadno soonerarrived homethanhe was asked to start on another journey.一-就-,另外有hardly/scarcely-when- 16By the tim

29、eyou came back, I had finished this book.“到-时为止”，从句是一般过去时，主句是过去完成时。 17By the timeyou come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. “到-时为止”，从句是一般现在时，主句是将来完成时。 18Each timehe came to Harbin, he would call on me. “每当-的时候”或“每次”，复习each time, every time和whenever 3有关时间状语从句的重点句型 1）It will befour daysbe

30、forethey come back. It will be- before-过很久才- 2）It wont befour daysbeforethey come back. It wont be-before-不久就- 2）It was not untilthe meeting was overthathe began to teach me English.“ It was not until-that-” not until的强调句型 3）Not untilthe meeting was over did he begin to teach me English. not until的倒

31、装句型。 4It is/has beenfive monthssinceour boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。“It is/has been-since”自从-以来多长时间 5Hardlyhad I sat downwhenhe stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。（“hardly/scarcely-when-”/同“no sooner -than”注意时态的应用。） 4原因状语从句 1The sweater shrankbecauseit was washed badly. 强调“直接原因” 2Since Asweve no money, we cant buy it.（由于） 3Sinceyou are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.（“既然”强调双方共知的原因,复习“now that,seeing that，considering that，in that”） 4）He could not have seen me,forI was not there. for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原