ACCA-F1-Ch10-Identifying-and-prevending-fraud.pptx

1、Chapter 10Identifying and preventing fraud,Topic list,1.What is fraud?2.Potential for fraud 3.Implications of fraud for the organisation 4.Systems for detecting and preventing fraud 5.Responsibility for detecting and preventing fraud 6.Money laundering,情形,代价,监测防范,External fraud：反洗钱,产生,fraud,1 What i

2、s fraud?,deprivation by deceit（使用欺骗手段获取不当或非法利益）a false representation of fact made with the knowledge of its falsity,or without belief in its truth,or recklessly careless,whether it be true or false（故意、无意或大意的错报）,Two main categories,Removal of funds or assets from a business（侵占资产）outright theftmore s

3、ubtle measures,e.g.overstatement of claimsIntentional misrepresentation of the financial position of the business（财务造假）omission,ormisrecording,1.1 Removal of funds or assets,Theft of cashEmployees with access to cash may be tempted to steal it.Theft of inventoryEmployees may pilfer(偷窃)items of inven

4、tory.,Removal of funds or assets,Payroll fraudEmployees:falsify their timesheetsPayroll department:miscalculate payslip,inflate the rate of pay,hoursA fictitious member of staff added to the payroll list,Removal of funds or assets,Teeming and lading（截留挪用）theft of cash or cheque receiptssetting subse

5、quent receipts conceals the theftRelates to the sales ledger(&accounts receivable),Removal of funds or assets,Fictitious customers 虚构客户a more elaborate method of stealing inventoryBogus ordersgoods are despatched on creditthe cost of goods is eventually written off as a bad debtCollusion with custom

6、ers 与客户合谋reduce the price,issue a credit or write off a debtsuppress invoices,or under-record quantities of goodsIn return for a financial reward,Removal of funds or assets,Bogus supply of goods 虚构供应商Falsely invoice goods/services that were never suppliedMay set up a personal company as the supplier

7、Paying for goods not received 虚构/虚增供货issue invoices for larger quantities of goods than were actually delivered,Removal of funds or assets,Meeting budgets/target performance measuresemployees and/or management siphon off and pocket any profits in excess of the targetManipulation of bank reconciliati

8、ons and cash books如：单位出纳私自将650 000元拆借给亲友，而账面上未作反映。由于亲友到期未还，致使账面亏空。为掩饰而开出上述支票，日记账记支出和收入，银行对账单只有支出没有收入，形成长期未达账项。,Removal of funds or assets,Misuse of pension funds or other assetsE.g.use pension funds as collateral in obtaining loan financeDisposal of assets to employeesover-depreciating a company ass

9、et selling to employeesemployee pays below market value for it,1.2 Intentional misrepresentation of the financial position of the business,Over-valuation of inventoryInventory records may be manipulatedDeliveries to customers may be omittedReturns to suppliers may not be recordedObsolete(过时的)invento

10、ry may not be written off,营业成本=存货期初余额+购进存货成本-存货期末余额,利润表,资产负债表,盘点环节,虚增存货美国法尔莫公司舞弊案,米奇莫纳斯,买下第一家药店,收购299家药店，全国连锁,十年，“强力购买”,破产,辉煌建立基础:未检查出来的存货高估和虚假利润。,注册会计师只对300家药店中的4家进行存货监盘，而且他们提前数月通知法尔莫公司他们将检查哪些药店。,Intentional misrepresentation,Irrecoverable debt policy may not be enforcedFictitious salesGeneration o

11、f false invoicesOvercharging customers for goods or servicesSelling goods to friends(with a promise of buying them back at a later date),虚增收入-东方电子财务舞弊案,用公司自有资金炒股，将炒股收益计入主营收入；修改客户合同、私刻客户印章，向客户索要空白合同、粘贴复印伪造合同；与客户串通，通过向客户汇款，再由客户汇回的方式，虚构销售收入。“造假小组”1、证券部负责抛售股票提供资金2、公司经营销售部门负责伪造合同与发票3、公司财务部负责拆分资金和做假账,虚增收入

12、-达尔曼财务舞弊案,西安达尔曼实业股份有限公司主要从事珠宝，玉器的加工和销售。第一大股东为西安翠宝首饰集团公司(集体企业)，实际由许宗林一手控制。,1997-2000年，达尔曼通过与大股东翠宝集团及下属子公司之间的关联交易虚构业绩，2000 年仅向翠宝集团的关联销售就占到了当年销售总额的 42.4。,虚增收入-达尔曼财务舞弊案,经查明，这些公司均是许宗林设立的壳公司，通过这种手法两年共虚构销售收入4.06亿元，占这两年全部收入的70以上，虚增利润1.52亿元。,2002-2003年，公司开始利用自行设立的大批壳公司进行自我交易。年报显示，这两年公司前五名销售商大多是来自深圳的新增交易客户，而且

13、基本都采用赊销挂账的方式，使得达尔曼的赊销比例由 2000 年的24上升到 2003 年的55。,Intentional misrepresentation,Manipulation of year end eventsSales made just before year endDelaying the recording of pre-year-end purchases of goods,Intentional misrepresentation,Understating expensesManipulation of depreciation figuresApplying incor

14、rect rates or inconsistent policiesExample：WorldCom,2 Potential for fraud,2.1 Prerequisites for fraud 必要条件,Dishonest,Opportunity,Motivation,Fraud,舞弊三角,Dishonesty,Personality factorsa high need for achievement,status or security;a competitive desire to gain advantage over others;low respect for autho

15、rityCultural factorsnational or familial values,Motivation,The potential rewards of an actionThe potential sanctions of an action,What effects there will be?,Promotion needsRemuneration needsLoan finance needs IPO/SEO needsPersonal financial difficulty,Reduce income taxA friend of the CEO want to bu

16、y firm sharesThe company want to be purchased at less than market value,Opportunity,a loophole in the law or control systemFrauds go undetectedMakes the risk of detection acceptable,given the rewards available,2.2 Assessing the risk of fraud,General/Industry featuresTechnology developmentNew legislationEconomic/Political changesIncreased competitionChanging customer needs,Operating environmentNew personnelNew systemsOverseas operationsRapid growthNew tech/productRestructuring,External factors,In