考研英语一真题及答案打印版.docx

1、考研英语一真题及答案打印版2013硕士研究生入学考试英语一 Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first

2、 glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised

3、 that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the

4、 few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The s

5、cores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of intervie

6、wees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.A grant B s

7、ubmits C transmits D delivers2.A minor Bobjective C crucial D external3.A issue B vision C picture D moment4.A For example B On average C In principleD Above all5.A fond Bfearful C capable D thoughtless6.A in B on C to D for7.A if Buntil C though D unless8.A promote Bemphasize C share D test9.A deci

8、sion B quality C status D success10.A chosen Bstupid Cfound D identified 11.A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise12.A inspired Bexpressed C conducted D secured13.A assigned Brated C matched D arranged14.A put Bgot Cgave D took15.Ainstead Bthen C ever D rather16.Aselected Bpassed C mar

9、ked D introduced17.Abefore B after C above D below18.A jump B float C drop D fluctuate19.Aachieve Bundo C maintain Ddisregard20. A promising B possible C necessary D helpfulSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A

10、, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assista

11、nts sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline

12、s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and

13、more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion c

14、ycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural

15、resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, sh

16、e finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cl

17、ine is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection LineCline believes lasting-change can

18、only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill.

19、B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.Dlack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “i

20、ndictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested

21、in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half

22、of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple

23、 of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a

24、do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that

25、the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop

26、 tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad

27、business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other p

28、roducts favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselv

29、esB lower their operational costsC avoid complaints from consumersDprovide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:A online advertisersB e-commerce conductorsC digital information analysisDinternet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultA many

30、 cut the number of junk adsB fails to affect the ad industryC will not benefit consumersDgoes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purposeB Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consum

31、ersD Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgenceB understandingC appreciactionD skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the il