最全面文学史知识点总结.docx

1、最全面文学史知识点总结xx文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Agesxx夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefini

2、tion of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express t

3、heir ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 xx13401400(首创“双韵体”，xx文学史上首先用xx方言写作。约翰xx（John Dryden）称其为“xx诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉xxMedieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传

4、奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in beginni

5、ng in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancie

6、nt Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenserxxxx15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but some

7、thing more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1.Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱? 2. Thoma

8、s? More托马斯?xx14781535One of the greatest English humanistsxx 3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arr

9、anging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4. Ben Jonson狐狸 5. Christopher? Marlowexxxxxx15641595“University Wits”, t

10、he pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.xx博士的悲剧（根据xx民间故事书写成）帖xx大帝?xx的犹太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies四大喜剧: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; xx之梦;威尼斯商人Four Tragedies四大

11、悲剧:哈姆莱特; xx; xx; xxShakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics: 失乐园复乐园Dramatic p

12、oem: 力士参孙 论出版自由?为xx人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best. 2. John Bunyan约翰xx16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是xx文学史

13、上里程碑式著作。与xx的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程3. John Donnethe Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.

14、（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th CenturyA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/

15、Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：

16、mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) 1. Alexander? Pope亚历山大xx16881744（18世纪xx最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“xx双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）One of the first to introduce rationalism to .批评论Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets” 卷发遇劫记 xx论人论愚人记 2. Samuel Johnsonxx约翰逊17091784Dict

17、ionary =英语大词典 3. Jonathan Swiftxx斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） xx游记(fictional work)Four parts:Lilliput xxBrobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm xx一个小小的建议 书战 木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信 4. Daniel Defoexxxx16601731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪xx现实主义小说的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-class

18、people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. xx漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life

19、.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to . 5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754（xx小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“xx小说之父” 。）He is called “Father of English novel”. He was th

20、e first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体xx), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:弃婴xx琼斯约瑟夫xx大诗人xx威尔xx爱xx plays:一七三六年历史记事堂xx在xx 6. Oliver Goldsmithxx格尔德xx17301774 poems:旅游人荒村 novel:xx克菲尔德牧师传 7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德xx利xx17511816 情敌 造谣学校8. William Blake威廉x

21、x17571827 天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burnsxxxx17591796The greatest Scottish p

22、oet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用xx方言写的诗 约翰xx，我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰 往昔时光 不管那一套 我的心在那xx上 V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqu

23、alitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period

24、 are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”xx诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850（与xx治、骚塞同被称为“xx派”诗人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature embodies

25、 human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature,

26、 the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 序曲 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridgexxxx科尔律治17721834The 古舟子颂 xxxxxx 忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a stra