高中英语语法之形容词和副词的用法大全.docx

1、高中英语语法之形容词和副词的用法大全高中英语之形容词和副词的用法大全一、易考点1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive

2、。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We

3、 had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。口诀: 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材

4、料，作用类别往后靠a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 low

5、ly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-h

6、aired白发的(2)形容词 + 形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的（3）形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的（4）副词 + 现在分词hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的（5）副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名词 + 形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的（7）名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的（8）名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的（9）数

7、词 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.T

8、his building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 +

9、 than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。(可修饰形容词的词)如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come ea

10、rlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and +

11、比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既

12、可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the

13、 height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用

14、twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly

15、 / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词

16、的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so组成

17、的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go a

18、s far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to

19、finish up as quickly as possible.(7)几组重要的词语辨析。very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by J

20、acks attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days. Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级

21、形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezi

22、ng cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、fe

23、w等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。其他几组词的辨析。(A)ago、before: ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”

24、。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(B)already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either: too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、

25、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及 not as(so) 原形

26、as (not asso +名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越 the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个 He is the taller of the two.用于否定 no +比较级+than 和一样不 He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增 er and er，more and mo

27、re+多音节词原级 (越来越) higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越） The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.二、几种常见的形容词句型1.形容词+介词+名词(或代词或动名词)Im not interested in playing com

28、puter games.我对打电脑游戏不感兴趣.My parents are pleased with my studies.我父母对我的学习感到满意.2.It is(was)+形容词+of/for+名词(或代词)+不定式Its foolish of me to make such a mistake.犯这样的错误,我真是太傻了.It was kind of the driver to send the old man home.这位司机把老人送回家,他真是太好了.Its difficult for me to finish the work in a day.对我来说,一天之内完成这项工作很

29、难.3.形容词+不定式常用于这种句型的形容词有:able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely等.例如:She is sure to pass the exam.她一定会通过考试的.Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸运,能在这儿碰到你.三、一些没有比较级的形容词在英语中,有很多形容词没有比较级和最高级形式,所以它们的语义只能用形容词的原级来表示.分类如下:(1)以-ly结尾的形容词,如daily(每日的),weekly(每周的),monthly(每月的),yearly(每年的),brotherly(兄弟般的),sisterly(姐妹般的)

30、等.(2)表示事物性质,材料成分的形容词,如wooden(木制的),silken(丝制的),woollen(羊毛制的),electric(电的),industrial(工业的)等.(3)表示时间的形容词,如past(过去的),future(将来的),then(当时的),once(从前的),present(当今的)等.(4)与几何形状有关的形容词,如round(圆的),vertical(垂直的),cubic(立方的),triangular(三角形的)等.(5)表示国籍的形容词,如Chinese(中国的),American(美国的),Japanese(日本的),Russian(俄国的)等.(6)表

31、示方位的形容词,如eastern(东方的),western(西方的),middle(中间的),right(右边的),left(左边的)等.(7)表示某种绝对状态的形容词,如dead(死的),deaf(聋的),blind(瞎的),dumb(哑的)等.(8)表示终极意义的形容词,如such(这样的),whole(整个的),complete(完全的),thorough(彻底的)等.(9)表示顺序和单一概念的形容词,如first(第一的),last(最后的),next(下一个的),following(以下的),only(惟一的)等.(10)一些只作表语的形容词,如afraid(害怕的),asleep(睡着的),alive(活着的),awake(醒着的),ashamed(惭愧的)等.(11)部分表示数量及不定量含义的形容词,如some(一些),several(几个的),certain(某一的)等