名词性从句与定语从句档.docx

1、名词性从句与定语从句档1.定语从句的考查要点： (1)关系词的使用，特别是which，that，when，where等； (2)介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用； (3)以as引导的定语从句； (4)只用that的情况； (5)只用which的情况； (6)关系代词与关系副词的选用； (7)定语从句与强调句型的区别。2.名词性从句的考查要点： (1)what，that引导名词性从句的区别； (2)whether，if引导名词性从句的区别； (3)名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别； (4)it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况； (5)名词性从句中的虚拟语气。1.定语从句仍是近五年高考的热点。200

2、9年高考共考了15道 定语从句题。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副 词(2009辽宁，23；2009安徽，30)；非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)(2009全国卷，17；2009山东，24)；“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句(2009宁夏海南， 全国卷，28)。此外，非限制性定语从句关系代词as和which的区别，是近年来的热点之一；对于表地点、时间的先行词模糊化(如2009浙江，14)，为近年来高考的热点和难点。2.名词性从句主要考查内容：语序问题、连接词的选用。 近五年高考中关于名词性从句的考查全部是连接词的选用。2009年在连接词的选用中考查连接词that的有5道题，对w

3、hether/if的考查有2道题；特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句有3道题；wh-ever引导的名词性从句有3道题。1.关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)关系词指物只用that引导，不用which的情况： 当先行词是不定代词：all，much，little，something， everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ You should hand in all that you have. 当先行词前面用only，any，few，n

4、o，very等词修饰时。 This is the very book that Im looking for. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词时。This train is the last that will

5、go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen？当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the bike that you lost？Who is the boy that won the gold medal？有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。They secretly built up a small fa

6、ctory which produced things that could cause pollution.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(2)关系代词指物，而引导词只用 which 不用 that 的情况： 关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候： This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. 这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。 关系代词指代前

7、面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时： He failed in the exam，which made his father angry. 他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。2.介词关系代词(1)介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是 which 或 whom。 The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街

8、上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(2)当复合介词短语which 引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(3)介词which/who不定式结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那个可怜的人没有房子住。(4)ofwhich/whom 表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用 whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase，the

9、 price of which(whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。(1)(2009江西高考)The house I grew uphas been taken down and replaced by an office building.A.in itB.in C.in that D.in which选此题考查定语从句。句意：我小时候住过的房子已经被拆掉，取而代之的是一座办公大楼。先行词为the house，代入定语从句后为：I grew up in the house，故答案为B。(2)(2009陕西高考)Gun co

10、ntrol is a subjectAmericans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which选此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从。句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话题。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time。由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。故选C。3.关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既

11、可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意

12、(1)such.as.(定语从句)像那样such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。(2009福州检测)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest everyone likes to visit.A.that B.as C.which D.what选as everyon

13、e likes to visit是定语从句，修饰先行词place，as在从句中作visit的宾语，此句是“such.as.”结构。如果理解为结果状语从句而选择A项，需要在题干中visit后加上it。故选B。(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西 the same.that.表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。 This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。4.关系代词as，which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又 可在主句后，有时还可插入主句

14、中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是 两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2009山东高考)Whenever I met her，was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.A.who B.which C.when D.that选句意：不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子。故选B

15、。2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that

16、 the moon travels round the earth once every month. 后两句属名词性从句范畴。(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know， expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。 As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone. Edison invented the telephone，as is known to all.(2009西安八校联考)A war is so cruel that it always causes grea

17、t losses， has happened in Iraq.A.what B.as C.that D.one选as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。故选B。5.使用定语从句应注意的几个问题：(1)当先行词是 way ，意为“方式，方法”，在从句中作状 语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种：I dont like the way我不喜欢他说话的方式。(2)注意区别先行词和引导词。 Is this 名词the onethat 从句 Is this school the one 这所学校是那个吗？ Is this the名词that 从句 Is this the school 这是那所

18、学校吗？(3)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句 中的成分。 Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao？ 你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？(4)当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词 在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。 They have reached

19、the point where they have to (2009福建高考)Its helpful to put children in a situationthey can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where选句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求

20、，只有where符合本题要求。故选D。6.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么 定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一 致。(1)one of复数名词关系代词复数动词 He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词 He is the only one of the students who passes the exam. 他是惟一通过考试的学生。(3)其他情况 I，who am your teacher，will try my bes

21、t to help you. 我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。 Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事吗？名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.主语从句 主语从句有三类：(1)由 what 等代词引起的主语从句，what 表示“所 的(东西)”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句，也可由 whatever 引起，表示“所的一切”，也可由 whoever 引起，表示“一切的人”。What you need is more pr

22、actice.你需要的是更多的练习。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.我们在这儿说的无论什么都必须保密。Whoever fails in the exam shall not be allowed to go home.无论谁考试不及格都不允许回家。(2008山东高考) was most important to her，she told me，was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As选句意：她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。句子可以调整为：What was most important to her

23、was her family.命题者故意在句中插入了she told me，这要求考生能快速地识别出来。故选C。(2)由连词 that 引起的主语从句，这类从句在大多数情况下都要放到句子后面去，而用代词 it 作形式上的主语。 That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.她一定会成功。(3)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely， wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句。 It

24、is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. 很明显大多数农民通过各种方式赚了更多钱。(2009上海高考)It is not immediately clear the financial crisis will soon be over.A.since B.what C.when D.whether选句意：经济危机能否很快结束现在还不清楚。根据句意，用whether。故选D。(4)使用主语从句应注意的几个问题 在“It is necessary，important，strange，na

25、turalthat从句”结构中，从句常用(should)动词原形形式。 It is necessary and important that one (should) master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.为了找工作，掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要 并且是很重要的。Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句。Its no wonder that youve achieved so

26、 much success.难怪你取得了这么大的成功。Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well known，announced等)that从句。It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.据说这位教授已成功地完成了这个实验。(2008上海高考)It has been proved eating vegatable

27、s in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that选句意：业已证明童年时期多吃蔬菜有助于预防老年时一些重病的发生。句中it作形式主语，后面从句作真正主语，从句结构完整，故用连接词that。故选D。在“Itbesuggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，requiredthat从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。It was suggested that they (sh

28、ould) start at once.It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句。It happened to me that I had been away when he called.碰巧的是，他打电话时我已经离开了。2.宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。(1)动词的宾语从句 大多数及物动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。 We all expec

29、t that they will win，for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。注意在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。I dont think you are right.我想你是不对的。I dont suppose he cares，does he？我看他不在乎，对吧？有些“动词副词”(find out，point out，work out，turn out)结构也可

30、带宾语从句。I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有门票都卖光了。有的动词短语(make sure，make up ones mind，keep in mind)也可带宾语从句。Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在交上试卷前确保没有任何错误。动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需用it作形

31、式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。注意有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我讨厌他们嘴含食物时说话。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(2009湖南高考)She is very dear to u