m5u2上课用词汇讲解.docx

1、m5u2上课用词汇讲解M5U2 The Environment词汇学习1. economy n. 经济, 节约, 理财 economic adj. 经济上的; 经济学的economic depression 经济衰退 economical adj. 节俭的, 合算的, 经济的economically adv. 节约地, 节省地 economics n. 经济学 economist n. 经济学者, 经济家n. +-ic/icaladj. economy(n. )+-iceconomic(adj. )经济的【类记】electricity(n. )电_(adj. )电的science(n. )科学

2、_(adj. )科学的medicine(n. )医学_(adj. )医学的Electric scientific medical2.(1)debate on/over/about sth. 关于某事的讨论(2)under debate 正在讨论中我和约翰辩论了这个问题。I _the question. debate with sb upon/about(3)debate +从句 Scientists were debating whether an asteroid was about to hit the Earth. 3.open the floor 自由发言 have/get/obtai

3、n the floor 有/取得发言权take the floor 上台发言Then we will open the floor for discussion. 之后我们将展开自由讨论。 4. flow vi. 流, 流动; 流畅地进行 n. 流动; 连贯Rivers flow into the sea. Water flows to the lowest level. 泪从他眼里流出Traffic s along the street all day.街上的来往车辆整天川流不息n(U)the of a river河水的流动 a of conversation 滔滔不绝的谈话3.a sens

4、e of duty on/off duty 值班/下班(值勤/不值勤)It is sbs duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任He did his work out of a sense of duty. 他出于责任感而工作。It is our duty to defend our country. 保卫国家是我们的义务。As the busiest woman in Norton, she made it her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. 4. cut back（on）减少，削减

5、，缩减 =cut down on to cut back on spending 削减开支拓展：If we dont sell more well have to cut back production.They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了。Dont cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时别插话。We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. 我们在电话里谈话谈了一半就被切断了。You should cut out the unimportant

6、 details. 你应当删除这些不重要的细节。【归纳拓展】cut away割掉; 砍去cut down 砍倒, 减少cut in 插嘴, 超车cut off 中断; 剪下, 切断, 断绝cut out 切去, 剪去, 删除cut up 切碎5. production n. 生产; 制作 produce v. 生产,; 创作; 制造; 生育producer n. 生产者 product n. 产品, 结果 productive adj. 生产的; 多产的7. recycle v. 使再循环, 再制, 再利用recyclable adj. 可再循环的; 可回收利用的 recycling n. 回

7、收; 回收利用6. greedy adj. 贪吃的贪婪的 greed n. 贪欲, 贪婪 Greedy folks have long arms. (谚语)心贪手长。7. responsibility n.责任,职责,义务 for,of,toa sense of 责任感 take responsibility for. 承担。的责任take on responsibilityresponsible adj. 需负责任的(+for/to) ；作为原因(+for)；可信赖的She is my child, and I am responsible for her. 她是我的孩子,我对她负责。Bad

8、 weather is responsible for the poor crop. 坏天气是收成不好的原因。 a responsible person 一个有责任心的人。 responsibly adv. 负责地; 有鉴别力地, 能明辨是非地; 有责任感地8. belief n. 看法; 信念(1)beyond(ones)belief 难以置信in the belief that 相信it is sb. s belief that 某人相信The story of his miseries is beyond my belief. 他的悲惨身世令我难以置信。(2)believe v. 相信b

9、elieve it or not 信不信由你9. environment n. 环境, 围绕, 外界social 社会环境ones home 家庭环境 the 自然环境protect/preserve the environment保护环境 environmental protection 环境保护environmental adj. 环境的; 有关环境的environmentalism n. 环境保护论; 环境论environmentalist n. 环境保护论者; 环境论者10. operate v.The machine is not operating properly. His co

10、mpany operates in several countries. The medicine d quickly (on me).The surgeon operated on her for a tumor. He had his nose d on.他接受鼻子的手术Elevators are d by electricity.电梯是用电操纵的 a coal mine经营煤矿【归纳拓展】(1)operate on 给动手术; 对起作用(2)operation n. 经营; 手术bring/put into operation 实施, 使生效come/go into operation

11、开始工作, 开始生效(3)operator n. 操作员, 话务员(4)operating adj. 操作的;外科手术的operating room /table /system 11.credit n. 赞扬, 称赞, 认可; 信用, 信誉; 学分to ones credit值得赞扬; 为某人增光; 为带来荣誉To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas. 12.a large/small quantity of. . . 大量/少量的quantities of 大量的, 大批的in quantity 大

12、量地, 很多巧辨quantity和qualityNow many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity. 现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。large numbers of 大量的（复名） a large number of = large amounts of= large quantities of = a lot of = lots of复名The number of 的数量 单数A number of 许多，大量 复数13. willing adj. 愿意的, 乐意的The spirit is will

13、ing but the flesh is weak. Id like to buy your house if you are willing to sell it. Nothing is easy to the unwilling. 14. use up 用尽；吃完 【归纳拓展】 make use of 利用; 使用be in use 在使用中come into use 开始被使用its no use doing sth. 做某事是无用的We must make use of our spare time. The new car will come into use next month.

14、 He has used up all his energy他已精疲力尽了。The petrol had nearly been used up. 汽油几乎用光了与run out， run out of做个比较：Wed just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out我们刚开到高速公路上，汽油就耗完了。*My patience is running out 我快失去耐心了。*The car ran out of petrol after ten miles这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。runoutof是及物动词短语,表示主动意义,主语一般是人

15、runout是不及物动词短语,其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词useup意为“用完,消耗尽”时,为及物动词短语giveout意为“用尽,精疲力竭”时,为不及物动词短语;意为“发出,分发,宣布”等时为及物动词短语15.(1)on/upon ones arrival=on arriving一到就, 到达时, 抵达时(2)arrive vi. 到达arrive at/in 到达(某地)A surprise waited for us on our arrival. 我们到达的时候, 等待着我们的是一件出乎意料的事。11. impress vt. .给.极深的印象;使感动impression n.

16、印象, 盖印, 意念impressionism n.印象主义, 印象批评,印象派impressionist n. 印象主义者; 印象派作家impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的, 感人的二 短语1.natural disaster 自然灾害 2.damage the environment 破坏环境3.have a debate about sth. 进行对。的辩论/讨论 under debate 在辩论/讨论中4.open the floor 自由发言 have/get/obtain the floor 有/取得发言权 5.be(very/deeply) concerned abou

17、t sth. 对某事很关注/关心，担心/忧虑 be concerned with sb./sth. 关心。，与。有关6.cut back on production减少生产 7. be seen as 被看作为consider/regard/have/treat/count/think of/look onas 把看作8. ask around 四下询问/打听 9. large numbers of 大量的（复名） a large number of = large amounts of= large quantities of = a lot of = lots of复名10.environ

18、mentally friendly 环保 be friendly to the environment 11.lay eggs 产卵 12.what if 要是。该怎么办13. ways of living 生活方式 14.hide from ones responsibility 躲避责任三 句型 1With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society,(L5)表语位于句首时，需完全倒装。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.Hanging on the wall was a pai

19、nting by Qi Baishi.Happy are those who are contended.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 注意：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。2.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing riv

20、er and sea life.动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be

21、cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life

22、span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have3.The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（L19-20）此句中的six times what 是倍数的固定表达：倍数what引导的名词性从句目前的产量是十年前的三倍。(timeswhat) The production is now three times what it was ten years ago._观察例句思考总结倍数的其他表达方式：1) The box is five tim

23、es bigger than that one.2) Asia is four times as large as Europe. 3) This hall is five times the size of our room.1) 整数 times 比较级than2) 整数times as 原级as_3) 整数times 名词（the size/width/length/height.）_1）与去年相比，我们的总产量（output）增长了三倍。Compared with that of last year, our total output has increased by three ti

24、mes.2) I want to buy a rope which is _ this one. A. twice as longer as B. as twice long as C. twice the length of D. as twice as 3) The town is _ than it was before. A. three times as large B. larger three times C. as large as three times D. three times larger4.However, I do agree that we should pro

25、duce（L43） 此句中的do是 助 动词，作用是 强调谓语， 还可以用 does或did 强调。强调谓语以外的句子成分用 It is that /who（句式）。小试牛刀! 1）我想是我应该对这起意外事故负责任的。2) _ be careful when crossing the street. A. Must B. Should C. Ought to D. Do3) It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was u

26、ntil; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 四 单项选择1. _ makes her different from the other students? Honesty, I think.A. How is it that B. How is that C. What is it that D. What it is that 2. The boys poor health _ his parents a great deal.A. was concerned B. concerned at C. concerned D. con

27、cerned about3. The two sides debated _ each other _ who was the better for a whole day.A to, to B with, about C about, with D between, in4.Im afraid we wont be able to go much farther, for the gas_.A has run out B is run out C was run out of D is running out 5.Americans eat _ vegetables per person t

28、oday as they did in 1910.A. more than twice as many B. more than twiceC. twice as many as D. as twice as much6._ in the queue for half an hour,Thomas suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7.What caused this terrible traffic

29、accident? In my opinion, his carelessness _ this terrible traffic accident.A resulted in B turned to C went to D came to 8.He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world. A cut out B cut off C cut up D cut through9.Seen from space, the Earth, with water _ seventy pe

30、rcent of its surface, looks like a “blue ball”. A. covered B. cover C. to cover D. coveringdig up 掘地/起，发现，收集instead of 取代，而不是 in place of 代替create/ produce harmful waste 产生有害废物cause/do damage to sth. 造成对。的损害make space/room for 给。腾出地方 make off 匆忙离开，跑去make for（匆匆）走向。，倾向于make out 辨明，理解， make up编造，弥补，组成check in 登记住旅馆 check out 办理手续，结帐离开旅馆