初升高英语衔接教材讲义系列专题37 情态动词和虚拟语气讲义.docx

1、初升高英语衔接教材讲义系列专题37 情态动词和虚拟语气讲义3.7情态动词和虚拟语气中考&高考真题速递中考真题链接高考真题链接单项选择 1. (2018广东省)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice. If farmers start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：中国著名的科学

2、家袁隆平现正在进行在海上种植水稻的研究。如果农民们能在咸水里进行水稻种植，中国的食物保障将会显著提升。can能够，可以；cant不可能；must必须；mustnt千万别。本题中，题干语境意为“可以，能够”。2. （2018贵州黔南)You_ write the report again because spelling mistakes are not allowed at all. A. mayB. can C. must D. could【答案】C【解析】考察情态动词的用法。句意：你必须再写一遍这个报告因为拼写错误是根本不被允许的。not at all，一点都不，may可能；can能够；m

3、ust必须；could能够（表示委婉语气）。 3. （2018海南中考）Is that Mr. Zhou?It _ be him. He has gone to Beijing.A. may B. can C. cant【答案】 C 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由答语后半句“他去北京了”，可推断不可能是周老师，表示否定推测用cant。4. (2018河南中考) Are you going to the cinema tonight? I dont know. I _ go or I _ stay at home.A. will; will B. must; must C. should; sh

4、ould D. might; might【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：你今晚要去电影院吗？我不知道。我可能去也可能待在家里。will将，会；must必须，一定；should应当；might可能。根据句意知应选D。来源:Zxxk.Com5. (2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔) _ I finish my work now? No, you _. You can do it later.A. May; neednt B. Must; dont have to C. Can, couldnt【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我必须现在完成工作吗？不，你不必。你可以稍后再做。mus

5、t意为“必须”；dont have to意为“不必”。 6. (2018湖北黄冈) Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?No, you _. You can finish it in two days.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. couldnt【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词使用规则。句意：布朗先生，我必须今天看完这本书吗？不，你没有_。你可以在两天之后看完。在英语中must表示“必须”之意的一般疑问句，其否定回答用neednt意为“没有必要”。 7.(2018湖北荆州)24.Can we walk a

6、cross the road now?No, we _. We have to wait until the light turns green.A. couldnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. mustnt【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：现在我们可以过马路吗？不，不允许。我们必须等到交通灯变绿。couldnt不可以；neednt没必要； shouldnt不应该；mustnt禁止，不允许。结合语境“Can we？”和下文“我们必须等到交通灯变绿。”可知答案。 来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K8. (2018 湖北咸宁) Mom,_ I play computer ga

7、mes this evening? Sure, but you _ finish your homework firstA. can; must B. can; mustnt C. may; could D. may; cant【答案】 A【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：妈妈，今天晚上我能玩电脑游戏吗？当然，但是你必须先完成你的家庭作业。根据sure，可知是回答请求，结合but可知“必须要先完成作业”。 9.(2018湖北宜昌)Mum, Ive signed for a big box by Future Express (快递). Whats in it?Im not sure. It _

8、be a present from your brother.A. might B. must C. should D. will【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：妈妈，我收到快递送来的一个大箱子，里面是什么？我不确定。可能是你哥哥寄的礼物吧。由Im not sure可知，“可能是你哥哥寄的礼物”，是一种猜测，表可能。10. (2018湖南湘潭)Did you see the sign “No swimming”? You swim in the river.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont have to【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：你看见了“

9、不准游泳”这个标志吗？你不可以在这条河里游泳。neednt不必；mustnt禁止，不可以；dont have to不必。 1. （2019年天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the worke

10、rs were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。2.【2018江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语

11、气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。3.【2018北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can

12、。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。4.【2018北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few mor

13、e kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。5.【2018天津】15. If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。6. My room is a

14、 mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darent B. shouldnt C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】C【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。7.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustnt C. w

15、ouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。8. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如

16、果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。9.【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone【答案】C【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；m

17、ight have done过去可能做了某事；neednt have done10.【2018江苏】24. Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B【解析】：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。中考&高考考点解读中考英语考点解读高考英语考点解读中考英语主要考查情

18、态动词的基本用法，主要集中在can ,may, must , had better,need 的基本用法。中考对虚拟语气没有考查要求。情态动词和虚拟语气是历年高考英语的必考知识点，虚拟语气是整个语法系统中的难点。高中阶段对情态动词的考查主要在语法填空中，考查情态动词的基本用法和情态动态+have done的用法。 在短文改错中主要考查情态动词的误用和情态动词后接动词的形式误用。高中阶段对虚拟语气的考查主要在语法填空中考查虚拟语气在with, without, but for, or 等构成的含蓄虚拟的用法。 考查wish后的宾语从句，as if/though 引导的从句等固定句式中虚拟语气的用

19、法。在短文改错中考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的错用，在名词形从句中的错用（主要体现在should上）以及虚拟语气在其他句型中的错用。基础知识梳理情态动词情态动词用 法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo?Yes,may. No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo?

20、Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? to.Yes,must.No,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、

21、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWill/Woulddo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare.No,darent.need需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）n

22、eed not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldA computer_think for itself; it must be told what to do.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.might not表示许

23、可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could?或might？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustnt表示禁止，不许可）。Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_.may Johnny, you_mustnt_play with the knife, you_may_hurt yourself.在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the h

24、otel very quickly but everyone_ was able to _get out.表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Peter_may_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以cant时用以代替mustnt，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。M

25、ichael_cant_be a policeman, for hes much too short.在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式You need work hard.daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come,

26、I will kick him out. I dont know whether he dare say.注意:He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。You shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.

27、允诺He shall be punished.威胁should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的

28、动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+ have done：表示对现在或

29、过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(