情态动词复习.docx

1、情态动词复习情态动词 A. 常用词的本意：1. may 1) “可以”, 表示请求、可以、允许; 否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。e.g. You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。May I / we ？肯定回答: Yes, please/Certainly； Please dont/No, you mustnt. e.g. “May we leave now?” “No, you mustnt. You havent finished your home work yet.”Might I trouble you for

2、a light? “You may indeed.” “我可以向你借火吗？”“当然可以” (回答一般是 sure, certainly, of course,不能用might)2) 表祝愿 May you be happy! May you succeed！祝你成功！3）成语：may / might as well 后面接不带to 的不定式，“还是好”、“不妨” e.g. You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好2. must（见 要点1 have to和must）1) “必须”, 表示说话人的意志和义务。或要求对方必须作某事。e.g.

3、We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。You must be there on time. 你务必要按时到达那里。2) 语气，“偏偏”e.g. Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。3）must 的否定式：neednt, dont have to “不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”。 must not “不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”e.g. - Must I go tomorrow? - Yes, please.是的, 请吧！No , you neednt. 不，你不必去。3

4、. can (could) 表能力; (见要点2 can/could与be able to)1) can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。 Fire cant destroy gold. 火烧不毁金子。He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。I could swim when I was only six. 我刚六岁就能游泳。2) 允许（和may意思相近，委婉语气could）Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗？Can I smoke

5、here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ Could I give you dinner one of these days? 这几天我请你吃顿饭行吗？回答: yes, please; Yes, of course you can. No, you mustnt /cannot/ may not 不用could 4. dare(敢) 和need(需要)两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。实义动词用法同于一般动词。 Need 和dare： 考试中主要测试作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。need 和dare作情态动词，只用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中，无人称和数的变化。Dar

6、e有时态的变化e.g. We neednt go there tomorrow. 我们不必明天去那里。Need I tell you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？He dare not do so. 他不敢那么做。 I dare not stand on the chair. 我不敢站在椅子上。How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种话？need作行为动词，与一般动词的变化相同, 后面接to + 动词原形。e.g. Do I need to tell you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？It n

7、eeds to be done at once. 这件事需要马上做。You dont need to worry about that. 你不必为那事担心。You didnt need to come. 你当时没必要来。dare 也可作行为动词, 用在肯定句中（I dare say除外）和疑问句中，后面都接to +动词原形，在否定句中有时带to, 有时不带to,e.g. I dared to do so. 我敢于这样做。She dares to go out alone at night. 她晚上敢一人出去。Did he dare to do so? 他敢这样做吗？He did not dar

8、e (to ) do so. 他不敢这样做。惯用语：I dare say表示我想、大概。（dare say 也可以连写）e.g. Theres something wrong with the radio, I dare say. 收音机恐怕有点毛病。I daresay you are right. 我想你是对的。5. (见考点3 should &shall区别)6. (见考点4 will 和would ）7. ought to（应该）1）Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must 那样具有信心，如：e.g. You dont look well. You ought to go

9、to see the doctor. 你气色不好，应该去看病。2）Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtnt ，如：e.g. You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。3）也可以用于疑问句：e.g. Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗？4）Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变：e.g. He said you ought to tell the police. 他说你应该去报告警察。8. 几组词的区别考点1 have to和must1) 两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，

10、 must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to look after him all day. (客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.（主观上要做这件事）2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）否定形式含义不同。mustnt禁止，不许可，dont have to不必e.g. You do

11、nt have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 考点2 can/could与be able tocan/could与be able to: can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard, but he wasnt able to pass the exam.考点3shall

12、和should1) 表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。 e.g. When shall my father be able to leave hospital? 2) 用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。shall e.g. You shall go with me (命令) You shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）He shall be punished （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)3) 注： 用于第一人称表将来，理解为助动词用法e.g. I sha

13、ll go to work after I have finished school. 毕业后，我会去工作。一般不应被认为should是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有：1) 表示劝告和建议“应该”，“按道理应当”,“估计”,“ 必须”(=ought to /must)They should be there by now, I think. 2） 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。should I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。 3） 在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。Ask Tom to ring me

14、up if you should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. 4） Why / How + should 结构, 表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思， 意为“竟然”，也用在某些that从句中。 It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。 Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得那么坏，我感到遗憾。考点4will 和would 1） 表示意志，决心或愿望。e.g. I

15、f you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。2) will作情态动词，表示意愿、习惯等。e.g. No matter what you say, he will always argue with you. 不管你说什么，他总是和你争论。3）用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。这些句型Will/would you please do.,Would you like to do.,Would you mind doing.都表示建议、询问、请求。e.g. Will (Would ) you please pass me the book? 如：This box is too heavy, _give me a hand? A) would you mind B) would you please C) will you like to D) will you please to 4） 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于