1、物理学专业英语华中师范大学物理学院物理学专业英语仅供内部学习参考!2014一、课程的任务和教学目的通过学习物理学专业英语,学生将掌握物理学领域使用频率较高的专业词汇和表达方法,进而具备基本的阅读理解物理学专业文献的能力。通过分析物理学专业英语课程教材中的范文,学生还将从英语角度理解物理学中个学科的研究内容和主要思想,提高学生的专业英语能力和了解物理学研究前沿的能力。培养专业英语阅读能力,了解科技英语的特点,提高专业外语的阅读质量和阅读速度;掌握一定量的本专业英文词汇,基本达到能够独立完成一般性本专业外文资料的阅读;达到一定的笔译水平。要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。二、
2、课程内容课程内容包括以下章节:物理学、经典力学、热力学、电磁学、光学、原子物理、统计力学、量子力学和狭义相对论三、基本要求1.充分利用课内时间保证充足的阅读量(约12001500词/学时),要求正确理解原文。2.泛读适量课外相关英文读物,要求基本理解原文主要内容。3.掌握基本专业词汇(不少于200词)。4.应具有流利阅读、翻译与赏析专业英语文献,并能简单地进行写作的能力。四、参考书 正文标记说明:蓝色Arial字体(例如 energy):已知的专业词汇蓝色Arial字体加下划线(例如electromagnetism):新学的专业词汇黑色Times New Roman字体加下划线(例如postu
3、late):新学的普通词汇1 Physics 物理学Introduction to physics Physics is a part of natural philosophy and a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted
4、 in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but dur
5、ing the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas
6、 in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances
7、 in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industria
8、lization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.Core theoriesThough physics deals with a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists. Each of these theories were experimentally tested numerous times and found correct as an approximation of nature (wi
9、thin a certain domain of validity).For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These theories continue to be areas of active research, and a remarkable aspect of
10、classical mechanics known as chaos was discovered in the 20th century, three centuries after the original formulation of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton (16421727) 【艾萨克牛顿】.These central theories are important tools for research into more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his o
11、r her specialization, is expected to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.Classical and modern physicsClassical mechanicsClassical physics includes the traditional branches and to
12、pics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th centuryclassical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Classical mechanics is concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion and may be divided into statics (study of the forces
13、 on a body or bodies at rest), kinematics (study of motion without regard to its causes), and dynamics (study of motion and the forces that affect it); mechanics may also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), the latter including such branches a
14、s hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics. Acoustics is the study of how sound is produced, controlled, transmitted and received. Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonics, the study of sound waves of very high frequency beyond the range of human hearing; bioacoust
15、ics the physics of animal calls and hearing, and electroacoustics, the manipulation of audible sound waves using electronics.Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only with visible light but also with infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which exhibit all of the phenomena of visible light exce
16、pt visibility, e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light. Heat is a form of energy, the internal energy possessed by the particles of which a substance is composed; thermodynamics deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. Electricity and magnetism have been studied as a single branch of physics since the intimate connection betw
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