中考英语语法复习方案9非谓语动词.docx

1、中考英语语法复习方案9非谓语动词2019年中考英语语法复习方案9非谓语动词【趋势解读】 非谓语动词是句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式，分为三大类，即动词不定式、动名词和分词，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，在句子中的作用相当于名词、形容词戴副词。中考主要考查的是不定式和动名词，但是在阅读理解的文章中经常出现含分词结构的句子，已成为语篇填空的必考点，尤其是在自主招生考试中。非谓语动词也是考试的难点，是个系统性、综合性很强的考点。【思维引导】精彩笔记1 非谓语动词的基本形式和时态、语态的变化 (1)动词不定式有两种形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种是不带to的不定式。动词不

2、定式也具有动词的特征，有时态、语态的变化。 (2)动名词(动词的-ing形式)是在动词原形后+-ing构成，它保留着动词和名词的特征，有时态和语态的变化。 (3)分词 现在分词在形式上和动名词一样，也有时态、语态的变化。 过去分词只有一种形式，即由“动词原形+-ed”构成。核心题根1 将下列句子翻译成汉语并指出画线部分是哪种非谓语动词形式。 (1)She wants to buy a house with a garden. (2)He is said to have left for Shanghai. (3)I still remember having been taken to the

3、 zoo for the first time. (4)She asks to be treated equally. 思路点拨:非谓语动词虽然在句子中不能作谓语，但仍然具有动词的特点，即有时态和语态的变化，同时可以带宾语和状语。 同类变式1 将下列句子译成英语，用非谓语动词完成句子，一空一词。 (1)明天举行新闻发布会。 The press conference is tomorrow. (2)他似乎在做梦。 He seemed . (3)我们知道没有安全带驾驶是不安全的。 We know that a seat belt is unsafe. (4)我姐姐在医院里把坏牙拔了。 My sis

4、ter got her bad tooth in the hospital.方法技巧 (1)熟记非谓语动词三种形式时态、语态变化相对应的不同形式。 (2)一定要理清时间的先后顺序，明确动作发生的时间。 (3)一定要分清非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的关系，明确是主动式还是被动式。精彩笔记2 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 由于非谓语动词不能作谓语，因而没有语法上的主语，但是往往有逻辑上的主语。核心题根2 把下列句子译成汉语，并画出句中非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 (1)How can I learn to drive? (2) I cant bear him staying up so late. (3)Who is

5、 that man talking with her? (4)Would you mind my opening the window? (5) The box is too heavy for me to carry. 思路点拨:非谓语动词的逻辑主语有时就是句子的主语，不需要再引出逻择主语来。不定式的逻样主语往往是在不定式前加“for十逻辑主语”，而动名词的逻辑主语，既可以用名词的所有格或物主代词，也可以用名词的普通格或代词的宾语。 同类变式2 根据汉语提示完成句子，一空一词。 (1)我们一直盼望李阳来给我们做报告。 We are looking forward to to give us

6、a lecture. (2)有人敲门把他给弄醒了。 He was woken by the door. (3)玛丽取得这么快的进步令我们非常惊讶。 such rapid progress surprised us. (4)对于我来说解决这个问题有困难。 It is difficult the problem. (5)说这样的话，你真傻。 Its silly so.知识归纳 (1)动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语。其形式为:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词。当动名词的复合结构作宾语时，还可用名词的普格或代词的宾格作逻辑主语。 (2)不定式的复合结构为:for sb/sth+不定

7、式。精彩笔记3 动词不定式、动名词作宾语(一) 有些动词只能接不定式作宾语，有些只能接动名词作宾语，有些既可以接不定式作宾语，又能接动名词作宾语。核心题根3-1 (1)Harry has decided an online shop after graduating from school. A. open B. to open C. opened D. opening (2)The driver wanted his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. A. park B. parked C. to park D

8、. parking 思路点拨:decide和want只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词作宾语。句意:(1) Harry已经决定毕业后开一家网店。(2)司机想把车停在马路上，但警察不允许。 同类变式3-1 (1)I like places where the weather is always warm. I hope Hawaii this winter. A. visiting B. to visit C. visited (2) Thanks for me with my science. A. help B. to help C. helping D. your help (3)Paul

9、looks forward to his pen pal as soon as possible. A. meets B. meet C. meeting D. met (4)What else should we pay attention to building the bridge? The change of the weather, I think. A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing核心题根3-2 (1)China is getting better and better at making high technology

10、 products.一Thats right. People around the world can hardly avoid products made in China. A. not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. buying (2)I wouldnt mind a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A. having B. to have C. have D. had (3)Sarah, youd better drink more water after for s

11、uch a long time. A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 思路点拨:avoid doing sth“避免做某事”和mind doing sth“介意做某事是固定搭配，在这些固定拉语中，avoid等动词只能接动名词作宾语。after是介词，介词宾语由动名词充当。 同类变式3-2 A.用所给动词的正确形式填空。 I crossed the street to avoid (1) (meet) him，but he saw me and came (2) (run) towards me. It was no use(3) (pretend)that

12、I had not seen him, so I waved to him; I never enjoy (4) (meet)Nigel Dykes. No matter how busy you are, he always insists(坚持) on(5) (come) with you. I had to think of a way of(6) (prevent) him from (7) (follow) me around all morning. Hello，Nigel, I said. Fancy (8) (meet) you here! Hi，Elizabeth， Nige

13、l answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you;you are not busy (9) (do) anything, are you? No, not at all. I answered, Im going toWould you mind my (10) (come) with you? he asked before I had finished(11) (speak). B.用所给的词将两个简单句合并为一个句子，句意不变，一空一词。 (1)He went out of the rest

14、aurant. He did not pay the bill. (without) He went out of the restaurant . (2)She bought a pair of boots. She did not get a pair of shoes. (instead of)She bought a pair of boots a pair of shoes.(3)She was afraid. She did not spend the night alone. (of)She was afraid alone.(4) She heard the news. She

15、 fainted(昏过去).(after) the news，she fainted.方法技巧 一般只接不定式作宾语的动词有:(口诀) 决心学会想希望decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish 拒绝设法愿假装refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划offer, promise, choose, plan 同意请求帮一帮agree, ask/beg, help相关警示 (1)当心to的两面性，它是不定式符号，也是介词，不要掉到题目设置的陷阱里去了哦! (2)介词宾语一般由动名词充当，不用不定式作介词宾语。 (3)记住以介词to结尾的动词短语:look forward to期待;lead to导致;be ( get) used to习惯于;prefer. to更喜欢;refer to谈及;p