新概念英语一册语法总结.pdf

1、一一 时态：时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1.一般现在时 一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有含有 be 动词的句子 动词的句子 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not He is not a teach

2、er.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词 第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型 Does he like bo

3、oks?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加 doesnt,动词变为原型 He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she does.No,she doesnt Yes,it does.No,it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。，

4、不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加 do Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加 dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students

5、 dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes,I do.No,I dont.Yes,we do.No,we dont Yes,they do.No,they dont.2.现在进行时现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Are we having

6、lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词 What are you d

7、oing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)没有进行时的动词 没有进行时的动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1.表示感觉，感官的词 see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has 当”拥有”讲时没有进行时 3.一般过去时一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is 的过去式为 was，are 的过去式为

8、 were 含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is 的过去式为 was，are 的过去式为 were I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not

9、 at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)不含有不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录 I finished my home

10、work yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.变疑问句在句首加 did，动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加 did not I did not f

11、inish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.4.现在完成时 现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词 have,has+过去分词 用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作

12、，常和 just,usually,already,since 等时间副词连用 等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Bei

13、jing?Have he seen the film?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过地方，做过事情，经历过事情，经历过事情 事情 I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Pari

14、s.Have been to表示去过，表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 表示去了 I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.（人还在那里）5)表示一种结果，表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用 一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加 not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I hav

15、e not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 d

16、ays ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.5.一般将来时 一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和 tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用 结构：主语+助动词 will+动词原形 I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加 not I will