1、1 小学英语句型句式小学英语句型句式一、句子的分类:一、句子的分类:1.陈述句 A肯定陈述句:主语+be+其它+句号 主语+V(Vs,Ved)+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+V+其它+句号B否定陈述句:主语+be not+其它+句号主语+dont(doesnt,didnt)+V+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+not+V+其它+句号 2.疑问句 A一般疑问句:be+主语+其它+问号Do(Does,Did)+主语+V+其它+问号情态动词+主语+V+其它+问号B特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它+问号特殊疑问词+do(does,did)+主语+V+其它+问号特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+V+其它+问
2、号 3祈使句 A肯定祈使句:动词(原形)+其他+标点 B否定祈使句:Dont+动词(原形)+其他+标点4感叹句:What+a(an)+What+a(an)+形容词形容词+名词名词+(+(主语主语+谓语谓语)例如:What beautiful flowers!What a mess!What a beautiful desert!How+形容词形容词(副词副词)+主语主语+谓语谓语!例如:How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!二、把陈述句改为否定句、一般疑问句:二、把陈述句改为否定句、一般疑问句:陈述句:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,可分为肯定句
3、和否定句两种形式。1、改为否定句:(1)、谓语动词是 be 动词,助动词 have,has,will,情态动词 can 等时,只要直接在这些词后面加 not 就构成否定形式。如:Lily is reading a story book.(改为否定句)Lily _ _ reading a story book.(2)、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词 dont,第三人称单数加 doesnt,一般过去时加didnt,dont,doesnt,didnt 后都用动词原形。如:The children had a good time at the
4、 party.(改为否定句)The children _ _ a good time at the party.2、改为一般疑问句:一般疑问句:以 be 动词,have/has/do 等助动词、can/may/will 等情态动词开头,以yes 或 no 来回答的问句。(1)、谓语动词是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。如:They will go to Shanghai by ship.(改为一般疑问句)_2(2)、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词助动词 Do、Does(三单)(三单)、Did(过去(过去式)式)加上这些助动词后,句子中谓语加
5、上这些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形动词必须用原形。如:I had some cotton candy.(改为一般疑问句)_注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody 等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already 要改成 yet,some、something、somebody 等分别改成 any、anything、anybody 等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把 too 改成 either,both 改成 neither,all 改成 none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称 I、we 改成第二人称
6、 you。(I/weyou,myyour ,many/some any)三、特殊疑问句:三、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。常用的疑问词有:what,who(whom),whose,which,when,where,how,why 等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes 或 no 来回答。1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用 what The twins were making a kite.(用 what 就划线提问)_ 2)对名词前定语提出疑问
7、,疑问词应用 which,而且必须和名词连用。Im going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问)_ _ are you going to take?3)对指人名词或代词提问用 who,作宾语时提问用 whom。eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用 whose。eg.Li Pings coatWhose coat my fatherWhose father 5 对具体时间提出疑问,如 in the morning,last Sunday 等,疑问词用 when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用 what ti
8、me。6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用 where。The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill.(划线提问)_ _ the pupils having a picnic?7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有 because 引导的从句,疑问词应用 why。Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill.(划线提问)_ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词 How。9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为
9、 How many,要注意 how many 必须跟名词的复数形式。two hundred sheepHow many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用 How much。I paid fifty yuan for the sweater._ _ did you pay for the sweater?11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用 How long。_ _ _ you worked in that factory?12)对时间频率,如 once a year,twice a week 等提问,疑问词用 How often。313)对具体次数,如 once,twice,thre
10、e times 等提问,疑问词用 How many times。eg._ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice.(96 中考题)A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 14)对 in一段时间提问,疑问词一般用 How soon。eg.Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours.(划线提问)_ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work?15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用 How
11、far。eg.Its about two kilometres from here to the country.(划线提问)_ _ _ _ from here to the country?16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用 Whats the date?/What day is it?如果是过去时间,就用 was 代替 is。如:Whats the weather like?四、句式变换的方法:四、句式变换的方法:陈述句陈述句改否定句改否定句改一般疑问句改一般疑问句划线部分提问划线部分提问句子中有句子中有 be 动词动词is,am,are,was,were 的:的:在在 b
12、e 动词动词 is,am,are,was,were 后后面加上面加上 not:将将 be 动词动词 is,am,are,was,were 放在放在句子前面:句子前面:用相应的疑问词替换用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问,再写划线部分提问,再写is,am,are,was,were11.Im ten.2.They are red.3.Its nine oclock.4.She was at home.5.They were crying.Im not ten.They arent red.Its not nine oclock.She wasnt at home.They werent crying.
13、Are you ten?Are they red?Is it nine oclock?Was she at home?Were they crying?How old are you?What color are they?What time is it?Where was she?What were they doing?句子中有情态动句子中有情态动词的:词的:在情态动词后面加在情态动词后面加上上 not:将在情态动词放在将在情态动词放在句子前面:句子前面:用相应的疑问词替换划线部用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问,再写再写情态动词分提问,再写再写情态动词2She can draw.She ca
14、nt draw.Can she draw?What can she do?句子中只有行为句子中只有行为动词的:动词的:在行为动词前加在行为动词前加dont,doesnt,didnt被帮的动词用原被帮的动词用原形:形:在句子前面加助动词在句子前面加助动词do,does,didnt 被被帮的动词用原形:帮的动词用原形:用相应的疑问词替换划线部用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问,再加助动词分提问,再加助动词 do,does,didnt 被帮的动词用被帮的动词用原形:原形:3I like pears.He likes ants.Ben has a bike.Lisa got a puppy.I dont
15、like pears.He doesnt like ants.Ben doesn nt have a bike.Lisa didnt get a puppy.Do you like pears?Does he like ants?Does Ben have a bike?Did Lisa get a puppy?What do you like?What does he like?Who has a bike?(注意)What did Lisa get?五、五、感叹句:感叹句:1、由、由 What 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句4其结构为其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词形容词+名词名词+(主语
16、主语+谓语谓语),如,如例如:What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊!What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!在口语中在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如:如:What a big fish!多大的一条语啊 What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊!What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊!2、由、由 how 引导的感叹句。引导的感叹句。例如:How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊!How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱!How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊!在口语中在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。只保留感叹部分。如如:How clean!真干净!How fast!多么快啊!六、六、祈使句:祈使句:祈使句是表示请求、命令、建议、劝告、禁止的句子。其特点是
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