2014年考研英语真题及解析.pdf

1、1 12014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C orD onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not whatthey used to b

2、e.We suddenly cant remember1we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintancesname,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain2,we refer to these occurrences as seniormoments.3seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an)4impact on ourprofessional,social,

3、and personal5.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that theres actually a lotthat can be done.It6out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the rightmental7can significantly improve our basic cognitive8.Thinking is essentially a

4、9of makingconnections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to10in making the connections that driveintelligence is inherited.11,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientistsbelieve that intelligence can expand and fluctuate12mental effort.Now,a new Web-based compa

5、ny has taken it a step13and developed the first brain trainingprogram designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental14.The Web-based program15you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.Theprogram keeps16of your progress and provides detailed feedback17your perfo

6、rmance andimprovement.Most importantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19on thestrengths you are developing-much like a(n)20exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and varyyour muscle use.1.A whyB whenC thatD where2.A improvesB fadesC collapsesD recovers3.A WhileB UnlessC

7、 OnceD If4.A unevenB limitedC damagingD obscure5.A relationshipB environmentC wellbeingD outlook6.A turnsB findsC pointsD figures7.A responsesB roundaboutsC workoutsD associations8.A genreB criterionC circumstances D functions9.A channelB processC sequenceD condition10.A excelB featureC persistD bel

8、ieve11.A However B MoreoverC OtherwiseD Therefore12.A instead of B regardless ofC apart fromD according to13.A backB furtherC asideD around14.A framework B stabilityC sharpnessD flexibility2 215.A hurriesB remindsC forcesD allows16.A orderB trackC holdD pace17.A toB onC forD with18.A constantly B ha

9、bituallyC irregularlyD unusually19.A carryB putC buildD take20.A riskyB familiarC idleD effectiveSection Reading ComprehensionPartADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In order to“chan

10、ge lives for the better”and reduce“dependency,”George Osbome,Chancellor of theExchequer,introduced the“upfront work search”scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CVregister for online job search,and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should rep

11、ortweekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work,not looking to sign on.”he claimed.“Were doing thesethings because we know they

12、 help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster”Help?Really?On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor,trying to change lives for the better,completewith“reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed t

13、o findwork,and subsides laziness.What motivated him,we were to understand,was his zeal for“fundamentalfairness”-protecting the taxpayer,controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimantsreceived their benefits.Losing a job is hurting:you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a s

14、ong in your heart,delighted at theprospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying psychologically embarrassingand you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted;you support isminimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You ar

15、e now not wanted;you are now excluded from the workenvironment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse,the crucial income to feed yourself and yourfamily and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always:a job.But in Osborneland,your f

16、irst instinct is to fall into dependency-permanent dependency if you can getit-supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms ofthe job search and benefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare is no longer thatyou can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disasterhappens.Even the very phrase jobseekers allowance-invented in 1996-is about redefining