牛津上海版7A情态动词基本用法专项讲解及练习有答案.docx

1、牛津上海版7A情态动词基本用法专项讲解及练习有答案情态动词基本用法一、基本概念及特征 概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添感情色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等的动词。 特征 ： 不能单独作谓语，须和行为动词或系动词连用共同构成谓语； 无人称和数的变化（have to除外：has to/had to）； 后接动词原形（do/be）； 具有助动词作用（可用来构成否定句，疑问句及简明回答） 二、基本分类 只作情态动词的有：must, can (could), may (might)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有

2、：need，dare可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would), shall (should)具有情态动词某些特征的有：have to, ought to，had better三、用法详解 1、情态动词基本用法1）can/could表示能力，意为“能、会”。 Two eyes can see more than one. Could the girl read she went to school? 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may。 You can go now. Can I have a look at your new pen? He asked wh

3、ether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 注意：情态动词的过去式除了表示过去的时间这一用法外，更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。尤其在出现在宾语从句主句中时，并不影响从句的时态。练习：用 can 或 could 填空.1)Im really hungry. I eat a horse!2)Its so nice here. I stay here all day but I have to go.3)I cant find m

4、y bag. Have you seen it? No, but it_ be in the car.4)Peter is a musician. He plays the violin and he_ also play the piano.5)The weather is nice now but it_change later.keys: 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5) could2）may/might 表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. He told m

5、e that I might smoke in the room. May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 表示祝愿，常用于倒装结构中： May you succeed! 祝你成功！May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真！ 练习： 选择最佳答案填空：1) I borrow your MP3? Sure. Here you are.A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would2) You go and ask Meimei. She know the answer.A. must; can B. mu

6、st; may C. need; can D. can; may3) Im not sure if Ill be free then. I working that weekend.A. must be B. should be C. may be D. can be4) I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?Yes, you .A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May; need5) Peter come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C.

7、 can D. Will【Keys】4. 1)A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) B 3）must 表示“必须”、“应当”。We must love our country.我们要热爱祖国。 I must take a day off tomorrow.我明天必须请一天假。 must的否定式（mustnt）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等，语气比较强烈。You mustnt speak loudly in the library.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。 We mustnt waste our time.我们不应该浪费时间。4）need 作情态动词时，接动词原形。仅用于否定句

8、和疑问句，否定直接加not（neednt） Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you neednt)You neednt have hurried. (2)作实义动词时，接带to的不定式。否定和疑问借助助动词完成（如 did you need？didnt need）He needs to see a doctor. They didnt need to start so early.(do not need to do)练习：选择填空。1. Students wear uniforms at school.A. must B. can C. may

9、D. need2. We talk or speak loudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas.A, neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. dont.3. you tell me how to improve my memory?A. Do B. Can C. Must D. Should4. I neither read nor write at that time.A. can B. may C. must D. could5. The conductor said I get off

10、at the next stop.A. must B. had to C. have to D. would have to6. You talk so loud. A. dont have B. neednt C. dont need D. not need 7. Children cross busy streets to go to school.A. havent to B. dont have C. dont have to D. not have to8. Can children under the age of ten ride bicycles in the city?No.

11、 According to the law, they .A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt9. Must I water the flowers today? . Its going to rain.A. No, you neednt B. No, you cantC. No, you may not. D. Yes, you must10. I park my car here?Sorry, lm afraid you . Can you see the sign “No Parking” here?A. Can. can B. Need.

12、 may notC, May. cant D. May. needntkeys: 1-5 ABBDD 6-10 BCCAC5）shall 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get some tea? Shall the boy wait outside? What shall we do this evening? 6）will 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you. None is so blind as those who wont see. 表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its

13、 a bit cold. Wont you drink some more coffee? （2） 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. The door wont open. 7）would 表意愿。I said I would do anything for you. 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? Would you mind cleaning the window? They wouldnt have anything against it. 表过去反复发生的动作或过去

14、的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 8）should 表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. You shouldnt waste any time. 9）ought to 表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. You oughtnt to smoke so much. 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 练习：选择填空。1. He eat so greedily.A. shouldnt to B. ought to not C. ought not D. oughtnt to2. Lets play table tennis, ?A. will we B. shall we C. shant we D. will you.