专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题原卷版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考.docx

1、专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题原卷版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）15阅读理解之细节理解题【考试方向】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。tru

2、e /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in knowing about wh

3、at peoples life will be, you may visit_. （5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_ . （6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “

4、带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求

5、读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉

6、到真正有用的信息。【解答技巧】1.描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【真题再现】（2020海南高考真题） In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk acro

7、ss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to c

8、arry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a

9、 paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who tho

10、ught them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so w

11、ell it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and th

12、e ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.Success is success but that is all that it is, Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A.It carried more weight than it could.B.It swayed violently in a strong windC.I

13、ts roadway was damaged by vehiclesD.Its access was blocked by many people.2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3?A.No design is well received everywhereB.Construction is more important than design.C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering designD.Improvements on

14、engineering works are necessary.3.What does the last paragraph suggest?A.Failure can lead to progress. B.Success results in overconfidenceC.Failure should be avoided. D.Success comes from joint efforts.4.What is the text?A.A news report B.A short story.C.A book review D.A research article.【答案】1.A 2.

15、C 3.A 4.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书原谅设计：理解失败的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as

16、many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当